Leadership and human relationship

Sultan Muhammad

Definition of leadership:

·       School leadership” is the process of enlisting and guiding the talents and energies of teachers, pupils, and parents toward achieving common educational aims. This term is often used synonymously with educational leadership in the United States and has supplanted educational management in the United Kingdom”.  Wikipedia

·       Leadership is "organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal.”

·       "Leadership occurs when one person induces others to work toward some predetermined objectives."  Massie

·       "A manager takes people where they want to go. A great leader takes people where they don't necessarily want to go but ought to."  Rosalyn Carter

Definition of Human relationship:

·       Human relationship: An interpersonal relationship is an association between two or more people that may range from fleeting to enduring. Human relationships are formed on different circumstances; it could be cultural, social family, friendship, work and social groups. Leadership and human relation go side by side, you cant chose between them, and you have to choose them altogether. 

Leadership is all about relationship, there is a good leader behind every successful task, and tool of every successful leader is good human relationship. A leader inspires other with his character and earned the trust with whom he interact. He gives respect to his staff members and treats them like a family. He knows the problems of staff members and helps them at the time of crisis.

Relationships involve some level of interdependence between two parties and people in a relationship tend to influence each other by different means; share their thoughts and feelings, and engage in activities together with trust.

Educational leadership depends on human relation, it all about relationship at every level, Relationship with teaching staff, administrative staff and students. Without good relation with teacher it is impossible for a leader to achieve good academic result. Without the help of administrative staff and teachers it is almost impossible to run a school in proper order, teachers are the soul of a school and without the help of them the school would be a chaos. Therefore good relations between leader and his school teachers are very important for the improvement of school and the over-all performance of teachers.

Teacher student relationship is also very important. A good relation between them will lead the school to better performance and academic achievements, which will be success on the part of leader, therefore it is the responsibility of a leader to provide them better environment where teacher and students could develop better relationship. Get together from time to time and tour of teachers and students outside the school. Arrange co-curricular activities in the school where teacher and student both participate.

Relationship of the leader with his colleagues in educational institute:
 

Milo Stuart states, “The relation of the principal to his teachers should be the most intimate of any. If a teacher fails, the principal fails; if the teacher succeeds, the principal succeeds. To sum up what the principal’s job is, I shall call him a referee the captain of the ship the boss of the firm a juvenile judge before whom tribunal come out not only the culprits but the adults who frequently contribute to the pupil’s shortcomings. He is a promoter who must project the future of his institution and convert the public to his plan. He is a social physician to every parent who has wayward son who needs attention. He is a friend in need to pupils and to all the homes in which misfortune comes. His power, his activities, even the good he does, can not be measured by a material yardstick.”

The role of the leader in educational institution is very Delicate and critical. He keeps his relation with all stakeholders of the school and keeps balance in them, fighting and quarrelling students, reluctant and difficult teachers and complaining parents. The leader will establish good relation between all of them. He seeks their whole hearted cooperation in all the activities of the school, academic, co-curricular and administrative.

In leadership and human relation lot of things are common,

• I admit I made a mistake: take blame for the failure
• You did a good job: appreciate other for the success
• What is your opinion: open to suggestion from others
• If you please: give respect to others
• We: sharing responsibility
• Minimum use of the word "I"
• One who cannot empathize with others will never become a true leader. 

Bibliography

• Khaki, J., & Safdar, Q. (2010). Educational leadership in Pakistan:  ideals and realities. Karachi: Oxford University Press
• M. Sultan Mohiyuddin,(1999) School Organization and Management Lahore, West Pakistan Publishing company Ltd.
• Rao Ush, (1991) Education technology Bombay, Himaliya publishing house
• 1.6, a. f., respectively), 2., & between, (. t. (n.d.). ANALYTIC HIERARCHY ANALYSIS OF LEADERSHIP SKILLS IN EDUCATION AS RATED BY SELECTED EDUCATION, COMMUNITY, AND BUSINESS MEMBERS IN.

           Google. Retrieved May 23, 2011, from

http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:FLdQZ77hBMcJ:purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000047+top+20+educational+leadership+skills&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&client=firefox-a&source=www.google.com

• Muhammad, S. (2008). Education: Leadership in Islamic Perspective. Education.Retrieved May 24, 2011, from http://research-education-edu.blogspot.com/search/label/Leadership%20in%20Islamic%20Perspective

The Role of Principal

By Dr. Sultan Muhammad Khan

keywords ;The Role of Principal, Responsibilities of  the Principal, principal is a  leader,

Principal is the most important person in a school. Every thing depends on him. The importance of the principal and viewing him as a leader is not a new concept. If a principal is a good leader, the school will have success stories. A good principal is do not afraid others people skills and wisdom but he use there skills and wisdom for the improvement of institution. It is the quality of a leader to share leadership with others and turn them in to good leader from them. Principal is not an instructional person, he did not teach he supervise, he guide other how to teach, what to teach and when to teach.

1.                  Shape staff roles for teachers and allocate time for meetings.

2.                  Keep the school's goals head of all things and try to achieve these goals

3.                  Works closely with distract education office to ensure the school remain on the right track to achieve goals.

4.                  principal create budget for annual spending and repair of school if any, also create schedule for school which is best for teacher and teaching learning process.

5.                  Ensure to achieve academic expectations, and fulfill the challenging curriculum requirements and it objectives,

6.                  Create team of teachers to monitor the school performance and create future leader for school administration.

7.                  Build strong relationships between teachers, students and community.

8.                  Keep discipline in school.

9.                  Supervising teaching from time to time by different means.

·         Evaluation of students

·         Help teacher for more reflective and insightful about their methods of teaching.

·         Observe classroom teaching.

10.              The principal role is to monitor student progress and assessment of student knowledge according to objectives of curriculum.

11.              Promoting collaborative problem solving and open communication

12.              Collecting data, analyzing data, and use that data to identify school needs

13.              Implementing and monitoring the school improvement plan

14.              Plan Strategies for classroom management and teachers to monitor student understanding and academic progress.

15.              Introduce tested Research-based practices in school for improvement in the performance of teachers and students.

16.              Introduce multiple methods of teaching in school.

17.              Collaboration with stakeholders in the process of school improvement 

18.              Communicates and share school vision, goals for the future and progress for the attainment of goals to parents, community and staff members.

19.              Recognizes the contribution of parents and community in the process of ongoing school activities and celebrates it on parent’s day to motivate the community members.

20.              Nurtures and develops the leadership capabilities of staff, parents and community members.

21.              Identify the weakness of staff members and plan various training course for them to improve their skills in that particular area.

22.              Identify performance instruction indicator that link to achieve key goals and objectives.

Leadership skills

Sultan Muhammad

Leadership is the ability of a person to lead a group of people to achieve a given task, Leadership is an inspiration for the people, and those people are leaders who inspire others. Leaders are present around us, we can see them in every day life, when some one among them attain the level where he can demonstrate and exercise his ability for the common purpose, they excel and then we recognize them as a leader

Mohammad (peace be upon him) is the greatest leader of world, in the history of mankind there is no other person who can reach to his level or status. He is model for all humanity, how to lead the people, if we read all the modern books about leadership today, we will see the qualities of Mohammad (peace be upon him) in these books.

Here is a list of skill which is necessary for a leader.

1.         Inspired people: Leader inspires others by his actions and character.  

2.         Educational Vision: leader has a clear vision for the institution future goals and a clear plan for achieving those goals.

3.         Management Skills: Improving institutional effectiveness by initiating change in

Procedures and organizational goals

4.         Agent of Change: leader is the agent of change. He brings new changes to institution and always welcome to new change.

5.         Open-minded: Leaders always accept new ideas and suggestions despite his view.

6.        Acceptability: Leader is the person who is acceptable to all.

7.        Diagnostic skills: Diagnose the problem and bring solution to the problem.  

8.         Decision making: A leader should have the ability to decide. What to do, why and when to do. Quick decision making is an essential skill of a leader

9.         Communication skills: communication skill is the most important skill of a leader, with communication he builds good relation with staff, students and community members.  

10.       Planning skills. Planning skill help leader to organise activities in school e.g. teaching activities, co-curricular activities, administrative activities and education organization need from time to time.  

11.       Sharing Leadership: sharing responsibilities with teaching staff and develop them for the role of leadership

12.       Dynamic: leader is dynamic and ready to lead any time when ever he needed.

13.       Man of words: leader is the man of words and it gives trust to his follower that he will do what he said.

14.       Innovative: leader is Innovator in nature and he Support new change and take vital steps to complete a project.

15.       Team Builder: Focuses activities toward increasing the effectiveness of the staff members.

16.       Know the Talent: He knows the skill of people with whom he is working and gives them responsibilities according to their skill.   

17.       Humble: Down to earth and respect his staff members. 

18.       Coach: Leader is like a good guide and trainer for his staff members.

19.       Community Building: As the role of the educational leader widens, so does the need for these leaders to build a network of relationships inside and outside the school. The community are consists of school, teachers, students, parents and other members of the community. It is the duty of a leader to bring them together.

20.       Sphere of Influence / area of concern: the leader knows about his shortcoming and speciality.

21.       Embrace error: leader accepts failure and don’t blame others.
 

http://research-education-edu.blogspot.com/search/label/Leadership%20and%20human%20relationship

Bibliography

1.6, a. f., respectively), 2., & between, (. t. (n.d.). ANALYTIC HIERARCHY ANALYSIS OF LEADERSHIP SKILLS IN EDUCATION AS RATED BY SELECTED EDUCATION, COMMUNITY, AND BUSINESS MEMBERS IN. Google. Retrieved May 23, 2011, from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:FLdQZ77hBMcJ:purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000047+top+20+educational+leadership+skills&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&client=firefox-a&source=www.google.com

Defense Mechanisms

By Sultan Muhammad Khan

Psychoanalytic theory was presented by Sigmund Freud, a great psychologist of 19th century. Psychoanalytic theory is the study of human mind and how it responds during the time of crisis or grief. Defense mechanisms are unconscious state of mind. Our minds find a way out for our emotions and satisfy us, take away us from unpleasant circumstances. It is the conflict between ego and super ego, one made a person emotional (sorrow, angry, unpleasant) and the other make it bearable and provide a way out from this unpleasant emotional condition. Defense mechanism is protection form undesired emotions and help during the time of grief and sorrow but some times it can take wrong turn and could be very dangerous. Defense mechanism some time can split the personality of a person which led to a more difficult stage where one needs the help of a qualified professional to help him and bring him on the right track. After Sigmund Freud Psychoanalytic theory, the psychologists paid attention to the state of mind and they start the study of mind. They find different types of defense mechanism in people, some are harmless and some are very harmful. Even in some cases some take dangerous shapes which not only dangerous for the person who had it but for other people too. Here are some types of Defense mechanisms.

• Undoing it is the state of mind where one tries to take back his previous behavior. This type of Defense mechanism is not very harmful. If they insulted some one they tries to get them back and compensate them by praising them extremely 

• Fantasy, also called day dreaming, is a defense mechanism where one starts imaging thing which is not happening to him in real life. If a person is not respected in real life he will start imaging him self in a life very he will be respected by all and the people will love him for his great personality or position. This type of defense mechanism is not harmful to others but is harmful to the people who have it because they left behind in real life.

• Compartmentalization it is a process where one divided him self in compartments mentally where one part follow good values and other have no values. Where some time he will follow the law and other time he will try to find loopholes and excuse for not abiding the law. It is an unconscious act by his part. It is like two minds in one body. 

• Compensation it is defense mechanism where one tries to compensate his weakness and stress on his strong area it is also called the process of psychologically counterbalancing
• Projection in this type of defense mechanism the person blame other for being hostile to him, the fact is other way around. He himself is hostile person and he projects his image on others. Some time he would unreasonable to his spouse but he will thank that his spouse is unreasonable to him
• Denial it is a defense mechanism where one refuses to accept the reality that he is in problem. It develops during childhood, where he denies that he is afraid of dark or he is not afraid of parents after doing something bad or accepts that he is in a painful situation. He looks other way and do not face the fact or reality unless it catch himt and he has no way to hide from it.
• Displacement it is the redirecting of feelings and anger to other person who had nothing to do with it. It is like in school when a bully angry or hit a weak boy and he could not respond to him, he take out his feeling on smaller boys or on pets. It is harmful defense mechanism for others. Innocent people are targeted due to it. In office boss is angry on staff and the person who is target of that anger redirect it to others, wife, children or neighbors.

• Reaction Formation. It is a defense mechanism where one can’t express his true emotions of unhappiness toward a job or task given to him by some one. He converts his feeling of unhappiness and unwillingness to opposite thoughts and shows his willingness and happiness for that task. He became very kind.

• Acting Out is a defense mechanism where a person can’t express his extreme behavior he just said I am angry at you. On the other hand another will use a more practical way to show his expression like punching some thing as a result it release pressure from him. This type of defense mechanism some time harmful for one self. He can hurt himself in the process.

• Regression is defense mechanism in which the person reversion to an earlier stage of development when he face of unacceptable thoughts or impulses. In some cases adolescent that is under pressure, fear and anger may start bed wetting again show signs of earlier childhood behaviors.

• Repression is defense mechanism where one unconsciously blocks unacceptable feelings and thoughts. The problem is that they are doing it unintentionally. It comes out with a different behavior which could harmful in some cases. 

• Disassociation is a defense mechanism, when a person loses track of him self and create another personality or another representation of their self in order to continue in the moment. He lose track of time. People with the history of childhood abuse suffer from this kind of disassociation. It is a very serious disorder which is very harmful for the person who has it. He sometime disconnects from the real world and lives in a different world which is not real.

• Rationalization it is a defense mechanism where one finds different explanations for his failure putting and sees things in different perception. If  boy dumped a girl who like her very much, she reframes the situation in her thoughts that he was a loser

• Sublimation is a defense mechanism where a person channels energy of unacceptable feeling to a more useful feeling. Redirecting unacceptable or harmful impulses into productive use.

• Assertiveness is defense mechanism where person stress on the needs and thoughts which is respectful. They express their self in a very respective manner and people listen to them when they spoke. They are very assertive and have a strong communication skill. in some cases it is a very helpful defense mechanism

Bibliography

Bondi, L. 2005: Making connections and thinking through emotions: between      geography and psychotherapy Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers

Elliot, A. J. (1999). Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement goals. Educational Psychologist

Nast, H. 2000: Mapping the “unconscious”: racism and the oedipal family Annals of the Association of American Geographers

http://psychcentral.com/lib/2007/15-common-defense-mechanisms/

By John M. Grohol, Psy.D.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/155704/defense-mechanism

http://www.planetpsych.com/zPsychology_101/defense_mechanisms.htm