Education

By Farzana Bukhari TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Definition of Neurophysiology and learning 2. Historical background 3. The nerve cell 4. Thy synapse........ All the or none principle.. 5. General structure of central nervous system ........ a. Parts of Brain............................. b. Four lobes of cerebral hemisphere............... c. Afferent and Efferent nerve tracts................... 6. Level of Arousal and the arousal system........... 7. Delays in nervous system and mediating process....... 8. Fatigue.................................. 9. The Autonomic nervous system............... 10. Neurological patents............................... 11. Consolidation of memory traces............. a. Types of memory with relation to time......... 12. Capacity, practice, motivation, understanding, transfer of learning and training, forgetting. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF LEARNING: Neuro Physiology. Neuro means nervous system, physiology means function. So neurophysiology means function of the nervous syste

BY Jehangir Shah 1. Introduction. The term gifted has been used traditionally to refer to people with intellectual gifts. Each culture defines giftedness in its own context. Ancient Greece honored the orators; Romans value the engineers and soldiers. In the united stated the early definition of giftedness was related to performance on the Stanford bidet intelligence scale. It was developed shortly after world war-I by Terman. According to him gifted children are those who are I.Q are 130 or 140. They would represent 2 or 3 % of the age group population. Stanford and other intelligence test showed that gifted children were developing more rapidly than their age mates. A child playing chess in not important but his playing chess seriously at age 5 is the matter of importance. Early rapid development is one of the clear indicators of high intellectual ability. One popular definition was proposed by the former U.S commissioner of education Sidney Marland in 1972, gifted and talented childr

by Sultan Muhammad Introduction Meaning and Historical background of Psychology: The word ‘Psychology’ is derived from Greek word Psycho and logos. Psycho’ means ‘Soul’ and ‘logos’ means ‘Science’, The Science of Soul. Psychology acquired separate status very recently. Formerly it was studied as a sub-branch of philosophy. Later on philosophers give another definition of psychology; the ‘science of mind’. All these definitions were given by philosophers-psychologists prior to the beginning of experimental psychology. Psychology as ‘Science of Behavior’ Today psychology is scientific methods of collecting data about individuals and groups to analyze and predict their behavior. Roots of Psychology The roots of Psychology could be traced back in philosophy and science. When physiologists of the late nineteenth century began to use scientific methods to study mind, later on Psychology became an independent scientific discipline. Scientific Roots of Psychology By nineteenth century, psychol