Introduction
Meaning and Historical background of Psychology:
The word ‘Psychology’ is derived from Greek word Psycho and logos. Psycho’ means ‘Soul’ and ‘logos’ means ‘Science’, The Science of Soul.
Psychology acquired separate status very recently. Formerly it was studied as a sub-branch of philosophy. Later on philosophers give another definition of psychology; the ‘science of mind’. All these definitions were given by philosophers-psychologists prior to the beginning of experimental psychology.
Psychology as ‘Science of Behavior’
Today psychology is scientific methods of collecting data about individuals and groups to analyze and predict their behavior.
Roots of Psychology
The roots of Psychology could be traced back in philosophy and science. When physiologists of the late nineteenth century began to use scientific methods to study mind, later on Psychology became an independent scientific discipline.
Scientific Roots of Psychology
By nineteenth century, psychologists were progressing than philosophers in answering questions about the nature of psychological processes.
Education and psychology
Education is a process which enables the individual to distinguish between true and false, good and bad, right and wrong (Imam Ghazali)
Stephen, “Educational Psychology is the systematic study of the educational growth and development of a child".
Some psychologists called psychology as a branch of education, as James Mill implied in the early nineteenth century. However, some other psychologist Disagree with them, who were familiar with the history of psychology and continuing, links between psychology and education. They defend it with the comparison of historical and contemporary relationship between education and psychology.
One question, which is frequently asked that a field like psychology, which is divided within self, could be used and applied constructively to a practical field like education. It is the fact that we are dealing with two different fields; one is concerned with human ends and the means of promoting them, the other with understanding and knowledge of human experience and actions. Today it is acknowledged widely that psychology has influenced education in the past.
Why We Study Psychology In Education
It is very essential for a teacher to teach his students according to their mental abilities. Educational psychology helps the teacher in doing so. It enables the teacher to teach where and how? It helps us in the following ways.
Relationship between education and psychology
Education and psychology are interdependent. One psychologist said that I did not understand how a teacher could teach with out the knowledge of education Psychology. Psychology had changed the spirit of education and it gives new meaning to learning in classroom.
Psychology also changed the old concept of education where only upper class had the ability and right to learn. Psychology gives education the theory of individual differences that every child has different mental ability and learns with different pace.
Today in modern era, education psychology is the foundation of education. Psychology effect education in every filed of teaching learning process.
· Psychologist suggest use of different methods in teaching learning process to achieve better result
· Psychologist emphasis on Motivation and readiness in class room
· Psychology introduce new theories of learning in education
· Psychology emphasis on activity base teaching learning process
· Use of Visual Aid in teaching learning process
· Psychology is the study of human behavior while Education is the process of modifying human behavior so both deal with human behavior in different ways.
· Educational psychology deals with educational problems
· General psychology deals with different problems other then education
Psychology and teacher
• Psychology enhance the vision of teacher to understand the mental status of his students
• Psychology help teacher to evaluate his student, to measure his achievements
• With the help of psychology teacher understand the weakness of his students and with the help of psychology he find solution for that problem
• Psychology bring change in the attitude of the teacher toward his students
• Psychology introduce new mental test through which teacher evaluate the students
• Psychology produce new theories of learning for better education
• With the help of psychology teacher learn to modify the behavior of a students
• Psychology teach teacher why a Child behaves in a certain situation differently than other
• What teacher need to do to change a negative behavior to a positive one
Untrained Teacher
• Without proper training, a teacher could not understand the psychology of the child and his problems, what the possibilities are and why the child is not learning. A train teacher could understand the problem and eradicate it.
Educational Psychology and Curriculum
A good curriculum is that, which stimulate the constructive potentialities of the students and which is prepared according to their needs. The curriculum should be according to the mental level of the students;
• What to teach and how to teach?
• Prepare the curriculum according to the needs of the students and society
• Preparing curriculum from easy to difficult approach
• Psychology stress on individual difference, therefore curriculum should be flexible for all the learner in the class room
Education Psychology and Evaluation
Educational psychology has introduced different types of tests and examinations and derived scientific measurement for intelligence, Personality education etc these tests disclose the weak points of aptitude of the students and for this purpose help from statistical principles has been taken. Psychology bring new methods of Evaluation in education;
• Evaluation of child IQ (* Intelligence test )
• Evaluate the factor of slow learning in the class room situation
• Personality test
• Attitude and interest Test
• The Stanford-binet scale of intelligence test
The Stanford-Binet intelligence scale is a standardized test that assesses intelligence and cognitive abilities in children and adults aged two to twenty three years, determining the presence of a learning disability or a developmental delay.
Educational Psychology and Method of Teaching:
If the teacher teaches his students according to the interest and mental development of the students, they will like it and will learn it easily. The teacher should teach according to their mental level. Audio visual aids in the educational Processes are also the result of educational psychology. Education process is also the result of educational psychology.
Education Psychology and Guidance and Counseling
Many students have many problems in education, society and emotions, which have to be guided. Psychologist provide guidance in such conditions and for this purpose child guidance clinics have been opened in school in developed countries
What are the duties of Guidance Counselor?
• Psychologist emphasis that every schools should have a guidance counselor
• To evaluate problematic child and rectify his problem
• To prepare reports on the mental state of such students
• To provide help to the teacher to understand students behavior
• One psychologist says I don't understand how a teacher could teach without the knowledge of education psychology
Educational Psychology and Different Stages of Growth
According to growth, the personality and mental ability of an individual can be divided into different stages i.e. child hood and adult hood etc. during these stages the mental maturity is at different stages. Psychologists consider that if the reaching process is according to these different stages it will be easily learnt. Different methods of teaching are used at different stages. This is impossible without proper knowledge of psychology.
Educational Psychology and Development of Personality
To build up the personality of an individual is the aim of education. To study the stimuli and responses of personality demerits and their causes in personality and reforms of personality is impossible without proper knowledge of psychology.
Educational Psychology and Social Adjustment
Educational psychology has shown factors effect in social adjustment and indorsed principles which lead a man to adjustment of the society.
Educational Psychology and Learning
Learning is the basic topic of educational psychology. From the meaning of learning, up to the laws of learning. Different topics have been highlighted by psychology, which have made the process of education very easy, interesting and pleasant.
Educational Psychology and Mental Health
Educational psychology has pointed out the factors affecting mental health of the Students. If these principles are not regulated the students can not adjust themselves in the society. Mental retardation is created due to bad environment, improper food, and emotional and social needs. To produce hygienic mental conditions is the work of only a psychologist.
Educational Psychology and Children of Special Attention
Physically disable students have many educational, emotional and social problems. To lead them to a successful life and eradicate their psychological problems, Psychologist helps them to become a useful part of the society.
Educational Psychology and School Organization
According to psychologist a school must have, democratic environment to help the students to develop balanced personalities. The social environment in school can be an effective tool to allow the students to develop a number of qualities such as self confidence, leadership, cooperation and healthy competition, decision making, problem solving and good citizenship.
In the school, students can face a number of problems related to their social, emotional or Physical development. Educational psychology also has a great role in helping the students through various types of guidance and counseling.
Educational psychology is also helpful by supporting the curricular as well as co-curricular and extracurricular activities in schools.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Numan, D. Foundation of education. Peshawar
• L. Gordon, (1990) Gender and Higher Education in the Progressive Era
• Muhammad Iqbal, D. Reconstruction of religious thoughts in Islam
• P. A. Graham, (1967) Progressive Education from Arcady to Academe
• James, W. (1904) The Chicago school. Psychological Bulletin. 1, 1-5.
• Numan, D. Foundation of education. Peshawar
• L. Gordon, (1990) Gender and Higher Education in the Progressive Era
• Muhammad Iqbal, D. Reconstruction of religious thoughts in Islam
• P. A. Graham, (1967) Progressive Education from Arcady to Academe
• James, W. (1904) The Chicago school. Psychological Bulletin. 1, 1-5.
