Friday, September 28, 2018

Course outlines of PhD and Mphil University of Peshawar


                                      UNIVERSITY OF PESHAWAR
                                 Course outline of Educational Planning in Pakistan



TECHNIQUES OF RESEARCH AND RESEARCH DESIGN

Course Code 902

1. Introduction to Research
            1.1 Meaning and Definition
1.2 Research in Education
1.3 Need for educational Research
1.4 Characteristics of Research
1.5 Types of research

2. Research Proposal
2.1 Meaning and Importance
2.2 Essential skills for designing a research Proposal
2.3 Standard format of Research Proposal
2.4 Problems in designing a research Proposal

3. Experimental Research
3.1 Method of Science
3.2 Need and scope of Experimental Studies
3.3 Pre-Experimental Designs
3.4 True Experimental Designs
3.5 Quasi Experimental Design
3.6 External and internal validity of Experiments
3.7 Threats to validity and their control

4. Historical research
4.1 Meaning and Importance
4.2 Problems of historical Research
            4.3 Archival Data
            4.4 Physical Traces
            4.5 Content Analysis
4.6 Internal and external criticism over historical research

5. Observational Research
            5.1 Participant Observation
            5.2 Non-Participant Observation
            5.3 Observation with intervention
            5.4 Observation without intervention
            5.5 Naturalistic Observation
5.6 Characteristics of Observational studies in experimental and descriptive      research




6. The Literature Review
            6.1 Meaning and Importance
            6.2 Primary, Secondary and Tertiary  sources of information
            6.3 Replication of Research studies
            6.4 Methods of citation for Reviewed Literature.

7. Sampling
            7.1 Population
            7.2 Sample, sampling and its importance
7.3 The techniques of Sampling
7.4 Probability and non probability Sampling
7.5 Time sampling
7.6 Situation sampling
7.7 Appropriateness and determination of sampling for different research designs

8. Qualitative Research
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Difference between qualitative and quantitative research
8.3 Need to improve Qualitative research in education
8.4 Trends in qualitative research in education
8.5 Shift from quantitative to qualitative research

9. The Research Process
            9.1 Selecting area of the study
9.2 Research Problem, Definition and Refining
            9.3 Objectives of Research Study
            9.4 Literature Review
            9.5 Method and Procedure of Research
            9.6 Data Analysis and Interpretation
            9.7 The use of SPSS in Educational Research
            9.8 Concluding the Research
9.9 Problems in conducting research with special reference to Pakistani Culture

10. Ethics and Research
10.1 APA Code of research Ethics
10.2 Informed Consent and its Rules
10.3 Deception in Research
10.4 Debriefing
10.5 Incentives

11. (a) Writing Research report
11.1 meaning and importance
11.2 The preliminary section of research Report
11.3 The Main body of the research Report
11.4 The reference section
     (b)  Research Articles and Research papers
11.5 Indexing and Abstracting of research
11.6 Analysis of Research Papers
11.7 Some conventional Styles in writing research Reports
            11.7.1 The APA style
            11.7.2 The Turabian Style
            11.7.3 The Chicago Style
            11.7.4 The MLA Style

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

Ary,D., etal. Introduction to Research in Education.(2009). Chris Shortt,
(8th Ed.). Wardswoth, Belmont, USA.

Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Methods in Education.
            Routledge: Madison Avenue, New York.

Gall, M.D.,  Gall, J.P.,  Borg, W.R. (2007). Educational research: an introduction.
Susan N. Kushner Benson: University of Akron.

Hammersley, M. (2007). Educational research and evidence-based practice. SAGE
Publications: The Open University, Walton Hall, UK.

Johnson, B., Christensen, L. (2010). Educational Research: Qualitative, Quantitative &
Mixed Approaches. SAGE Publication Inc.: London ECIY ISP United Kingdom.

Lodico, M.G., Spaulding, D.T., Voegtle, K.H. (2010). Methods in Educational Research:
From Theory to Practice. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jossy Bass: San Francisco.


Opie, C., Sikes, P.J. (2004). Doing Educational Research: a guide to first-time
researcher.SAGE Publication Inc.: London ECIY ISP United Kingdom.

Pring, R. (2004). Philosophy of Educational Research. (2nd Ed.). CPI Bath; Great Britain.

Scott, D. (2000). Realism and Educational Research: New Perspectives and Possibilities.
Routledge Falmer: 270 Medison Ave NY.

Willington, J.J. (2003). Educational Research: Contemporary issues and practical
approaches. Paston PrePress Ltd.: Beccles, Suffolk.




Computer Education

Course code ED 720

                                       M. Phil Course

Unit 1                 Introduction to computer
            1.1.1                Types of computers
            1.1.2                Computer software
   1.1.3                Operating systems
1.1.4                Windows XP
   1.1.5                Windows 7

Unit 2                 SPSS

            2.1.1                Three primary windows
            2.1.2                Common windows features
            2.1.3                Menu overview
            2.1.4                Descriptive statistics
            2.1.5                Inferential statistics mean difference
            2.1.6                Sample selection
            2.2.1                Data Types and distributions
2.2.2                Working with data
2.2.3                Method and presentation of data Tables
2.2.4                Measuring mean, spread of data etc.
2.2.5                Histograms, frequency plots,  
2.2.5                Creating Charts and Graphs
   2.2.1                SPSS Testing
            2.2.2                Principles of hypothesis testing and types of test
2.2.3                One simple T- test
2.2.4                Independent simple T- test
2.2.5.               Inferential statistics
2.2.6                Nonparametric Test
2.2.7                Z-tests and t-tests
            2.2.8                Chi2 tests
            2.2.9                Application of spss

Unit 3              Word

3.1.1                Creating and Saving Documents
3.1.2                Formatting Text
3.1.3                Editing Documents
3.1.4                Styles
3.1.5                Using Automatic Text Features
3.1.6                Formatting Paragraphs
3.1.7                Formatting Document Pages
3.1.8                Using Proofing Tools
3.1.9                Taking Control of Your Documents

Unit 4                 Creating Tables and Graphics in word
   4.1.1                Working with Graphics
   4.1.2                Working with Columns
   4.1.3                Working with Tables
   4.1.4                Working with Templates
   4.1.5                Integrating Word Files with Other Applications
   4.1.6                Working with Toolbars
   4.1.7                Printing Documents, Envelopes and Labels
   4.1.8                Using mail merge

Unit 5              Access
5.1.1                Creating Databases and Tables
5.1.2                Working with Fields and Records
5.1.3                Creating Data Entry Rules
5.1.4                Working with Queries
5.1.5                Working with Forms
5.1.6                Working with Reports
5.1.7                Sharing Data with Word and Excel
5.1.8                Working with Charts

Unit 6              Excel
6.1.1                Modifying Worksheets
6.1.2                Basic Formatting
6.1.3                Advanced Formatting
6.1.4                Using Templates, Styles, and AutoFormat
6.1.5                Reviewing Worksheets
            6.1.6                Managing Lists in Excel
            6.1.7                Using bullets and numbering
            6.1.8                Sharing Worksheets
            6.1.9                Printing Workbooks
            6.1.10              Enhancing Worksheets
            6.1.11              Using Templates
            6.1.12              Manipulating the Screen Display
            6.1.13              Importing Data

Unit 7              Formulation and functions in Excl
7.1.3                Working with Formulas
7.1.4                What are formulas?
            7.1.5                Working with Basic Functions
            7.1.6                Working with Advanced Functions
            7.1.7                Creating chart, Formatting Charts
7.1.8                Working with Macros

Unit 8              Power point
8.1.1                Principles for creating presentations
8.1.2                Designing / Creating Presentation
8.1.3                Presenting Using PowerPoint
8.1.4                Formatting Text Slides
8.1.5                Working with Tables and Charts
8.1.6                Working With test
8.1.7                Adding Organization Charts and Diagrams
8.1.8                Adding Images to a Presentation
8.1.9                Sound, Motion and Links

Unit 9                 Graphs and Charts
9.1.1                   Modifying Objects
9.1.2                   Adding Special Effects
9.1.3                   Creating Templates
9.1.4                   Working with pictures and multimedia
9.1.5                  Creating Web Presentations
9.1.6                   Group homepage
9.1.7                   Publish as a web page
9.1.8                   Printing

Unit 10               Internet browsing
10.1.1                 Introduction to browsers
10.1.2                 Web Searching techniques
10.1.3                 Downloading data
10.1.4                 Protecting your self on internet



Recommended Books

         1.        Microsoft Office 2007: Introductory Concepts and Techniques
                    By Gary B. Shelly, Misty E. Vermaat, Thomas J. Cashman  2009

2.           How to Do Everything with Microsoft Office Excel 2007
     By Guy Hart Davis

        3.         Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS
                    By Daniel Muijs

         4.        Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007: Introductory Concepts and Techniques
                    By Gary B. Shelly, Thomas J. Cashman, Susan L.









TECHNIQUES OF RESEARCH AND RESEARCH DESIGN


Course Code 902

1. Introduction to Research
            1.1 Meaning and Definition
1.2 Research in Education
1.3 Need for educational Research
1.4 Characteristics of Research
1.5 Types of research

2. Research Proposal
2.1 Meaning and Importance
2.2 Essential skills for designing a research Proposal
2.3 Standard format of Research Proposal
2.4 Problems in designing a research Proposal

3. Experimental Research
3.1 Method of Science
3.2 Need and scope of Experimental Studies
3.3 Pre-Experimental Designs
3.4 True Experimental Designs
3.5 Quasi Experimental Design
3.6 External and internal validity of Experiments
3.7 Threats to validity and their control

4. Historical research
4.1 Meaning and Importance
4.2 Problems of historical Research
            4.3 Archival Data
            4.4 Physical Traces
            4.5 Content Analysis
4.6 Internal and external criticism over historical research

5. Observational Research
            5.1 Participant Observation
            5.2 Non-Participant Observation
            5.3 Observation with intervention
            5.4 Observation without intervention
            5.5 Naturalistic Observation
5.6 Characteristics of Observational studies in experimental and descriptive      research




6. The Literature Review
            6.1 Meaning and Importance
            6.2 Primary, Secondary and Tertiary  sources of information
            6.3 Replication of Research studies
            6.4 Methods of citation for Reviewed Literature.

7. Sampling
            7.1 Population
            7.2 Sample, sampling and its importance
7.3 The techniques of Sampling
7.4 Probability and non probability Sampling
7.5 Time sampling
7.6 Situation sampling
7.7 Appropriateness and determination of sampling for different research designs

8. Qualitative Research
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Difference between qualitative and quantitative research
8.3 Need to improve Qualitative research in education
8.4 Trends in qualitative research in education
8.5 Shift from quantitative to qualitative research

9. The Research Process
            9.1 Selecting area of the study
9.2 Research Problem, Definition and Refining
            9.3 Objectives of Research Study
            9.4 Literature Review
            9.5 Method and Procedure of Research
            9.6 Data Analysis and Interpretation
            9.7 The use of SPSS in Educational Research
            9.8 Concluding the Research
9.9 Problems in conducting research with special reference to Pakistani Culture

10. Ethics and Research
10.1 APA Code of research Ethics
10.2 Informed Consent and its Rules
10.3 Deception in Research
10.4 Debriefing
10.5 Incentives

11. (a) Writing Research report
11.1 meaning and importance
11.2 The preliminary section of research Report
11.3 The Main body of the research Report
11.4 The reference section
     (b)  Research Articles and Research papers
11.5 Indexing and Abstracting of research
11.6 Analysis of Research Papers
11.7 Some conventional Styles in writing research Reports
            11.7.1 The APA style
            11.7.2 The Turabian Style
            11.7.3 The Chicago Style
            11.7.4 The MLA Style

BOOKS RECOMMENDED

Ary,D., etal. Introduction to Research in Education.(2009). Chris Shortt,
(8th Ed.). Wardswoth, Belmont, USA.

Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Methods in Education.
            Routledge: Madison Avenue, New York.

Gall, M.D.,  Gall, J.P.,  Borg, W.R. (2007). Educational research: an introduction.
Susan N. Kushner Benson: University of Akron.

Hammersley, M. (2007). Educational research and evidence-based practice. SAGE
Publications: The Open University, Walton Hall, UK.

Johnson, B., Christensen, L. (2010). Educational Research: Qualitative, Quantitative &
Mixed Approaches. SAGE Publication Inc.: London ECIY ISP United Kingdom.

Lodico, M.G., Spaulding, D.T., Voegtle, K.H. (2010). Methods in Educational Research:
From Theory to Practice. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jossy Bass: San Francisco.


Opie, C., Sikes, P.J. (2004). Doing Educational Research: a guide to first-time
researcher.SAGE Publication Inc.: London ECIY ISP United Kingdom.

Pring, R. (2004). Philosophy of Educational Research. (2nd Ed.). CPI Bath; Great Britain.

Scott, D. (2000). Realism and Educational Research: New Perspectives and Possibilities.
Routledge Falmer: 270 Medison Ave NY.

Willington, J.J. (2003). Educational Research: Contemporary issues and practical
approaches. Paston PrePress Ltd.: Beccles, Suffolk.
 






 Psychology of Exceptional Children & Adjustment Course contents

course code 806

Unit 1

1.1  introduction
1.2  classification of students on the basis of I.Q
1.3   Gifted children
1.4   Average children
1.5  Slow learners
1.6  Socially disadvantage children
1.7  Mentally and socially handicapped children

Unit 2
Characteristics of exceptional children
2.1 Physical and sociological characteristics
2.2 Social characteristics
2.3 Psychological characteristics
2.4 Cognitive characteristics

Unit 3
Identification of exceptional children
3.1 I.Q tests
3.2 Achievement tests
3.3 Observational Tools
3.4 Interviews
3.5 Personality Tests
3.6 Questionnaire
3.7 Personality tests
     i Projective
    ii Objective
  iii   Subjective

Unit 4
Adjustment Problems
4.1 Personal Problems
i Self Image (Self Esteem)
ii Complexes
iii Physical
4.2 Social Maladjustment.
i Peers and friends
ii Family and home
iiiClassroom
iv Social environment

Unit 5
Adjustment Techniques
5.1 Guidance and counseling
i Academics
ii Social
iii Recreational
iv Financial
5.2 Relaxation Training
5.3 Cognitive Behaviout Theraphy ( C.B.T)
5.4 Group Theraphy
5.5 Rational Emotion Behaviour Theraphy

Unit 6
Individual Differences and Special Education
6.1 Individual Differences
6.2 Interindividual Differences
6.3 Intraindividual Differences
6.4 developmental Profiles
6.4 Early Childhood Programme for Handicaps Children
    i Screening for handicapping Condition
   ii The Family
   iii Early Education Programme for Handicapped children

Unit 7
Children who are Gifted and Talented
7.1 Definition
7.2 Developmental Profile
7.3 Characteristics
      i The Terman Longitudinal Study
     ii Special Group of Gifted Children
7.4 Factor Contributing to Giftedness and Talent
      i Heredity
      ii Family
7.5 Educational Adaptation for Gifted Children

Unit 8
Children with Mental Retardation
8.1 Definition
8.2 Classification
   i Mild Mental Retardation
   ii Moderate Mental Retardation
   iii Severe and profound Mental Retardation
8.3 Factor Contributing to Mental Retardation
    i Genetic Disorders
    ii Infectious Diseases
    iii Polygenic Inheritance
8.4 Characteristics of Mentally Retarded Children
8.5 Preventing Mentally Retarded Children
8.6 Education Adaptation for Mentally Retarded Children
Unit 9
Children with Multiple and Severe Handicaps
9.1 Definition
9.2 Characteristics of Children with Multiple and Severe Handicaps
9.3 Educational Adaptation
      i Changing Learning Environment
     ii Curriculum and skill
iii Adaptation for Nonvocal Students
Unit 10
Children with Behavioral Problems
10.1 Definition
10.2 Classification and Characteristics of Children with Behavior Problems
    i Conduct Disorder
   ii anxiety: Withdraw and immaturity
   iii Socialized Aggression
10.3 Factors Related to Behavior Problems
      i Biophysical factor
     ii Family Environment
     iii Social environment
10.4 Identification and Planning
10.5 Educational adaptation for Children With Behavior problems
Related Books
1   Samuel A. Kirk, Janes J Gallagher.1986 Educating Exceptional Children USA Houghton and Mifflin Boston

 2 Wayne H. Holtzman, Samuel Messick  1982 Placing children in special education: a   strategy for equity USA National Academies,

3 Arlene Sacks. 2001   Special education: a reference handbook USA ABC-CLIO,

4 Gerard Giordano, 2007 American special education  USA Peter Lang
Students in special and gifted education National Academies Press,

5 James F Kauffman, Daniel P Hallahan, 2005 Digitized 2010, Special Education Pearson California Allyn and Bacon

6 Beth Harry, Janette K. Klingner. 2006, Why are so many minority students in special education?: Teachers College Press,

7)  Arlene Sacks 2001 Special education  USA Santa Barbara, Calif ABC-CLIO,
8) Philip Vickerman. 2007, Teaching physical education to children with special educational needs USA Routledge
9) Daniel P. Hallahan, James M. Kauffman, John Lloyd. 2009, Introduction to learning disabilities Virginia Allyn and Bacon,
10 Robert L. Osgood. 2008, The history of special education USA Greenwood Publishing Group





BETTER SUPERVISION IN PAKISTANI SCHOOLS
COURSE OUTLINES FOR M. Phil.


1.      Historical Development of Supervision

a.       School Supervision
b.      Post Independence History of School Supervision
c.       Present Senario of Supervision in Pakistan
d.      Delivering professional supervision
e.       Problems & issues in School Supervision
f.       Future Prospects of Supervision in Pakistan

2.      Supervision & Leadership

a.       Leadership
b.      Types of Leadership
c.       Modern View of Supervision
d.      Models of Supervision

3.      The Process of Effective Supervision

a.       Effective Supervision
b.      Steps of Supervision
c.       Responsibilities of Supervisor
d.      Traditional & Modern Concepts of Supervision

4.      Classroom Supervision

a.       Concept of Classroom Supervision
b.      Claasroom Management & Supervision
c.       Supervising the Process of Teaching
d.      Supervising the Classroom Environment
e.       Evaluation Programmes & Supervision

5.      Supervision of School Records

a.       Importance of School Records
b.      Criterira for Records
c.       Comulative Recods
d.      School Attendance Records
e.       Health & Physical Records
f.       Mentan & Enviromental Test Scores

6.      Supervision of Co-curriculum

a.       Co-curriculum
b.      Proper Supervision of Co-curriculum
c.       Importance, Scope & objectives of Co-curriculum
d.      Current Situation of Co-curriculum in Pakistan
e.       Future of co-curriculum & its Supervision

7.   Supervisory role of EDO office

a.       The role of district officer
b.      Supervision of monitory responsibility
c.       Fulfilling the new trends of supervision
d.      Issues in the process of supervision

8.   Supervision of cluster system
a.       Cluster system
b.      Supervisory Responsibility of the office
c.       The responsibilities of cluster in charge
d.      Issues in the cluster system
e.       Prospects in the cluster system

9.         Supervision of human resource

a.       Ration of staff and students
b.      Human recourse management
c.       Growing needs of human resource
d.      Proper placements
e.       Assessment of human resource

10.       Supervision of Evaluation system

a.       BISE exams
b.      Issues in the prevailing examination system
c.       Supervision for improvement in the current exam system

                                   




THEORIES OF LEARNING

course code 704,
 
                            COURSE OUTLINES
UNIT
 
 1.1 Introduction to Theories of Learning
 1.2   Behavioristic Theories of Learning
 1.3   Thorndike’s Theory
 1.4   Associative Theories of Learning
 1.5 Major Theoretical Notions
I Connectionism
II Selecting and Connecting
III Learning is Incremental, not insightful
IV The Law of Readiness
V Law of Effect
Vi Law of Exercise
 
UNIT 2
B.F. Skinner instrumental Conditioning
2.1 The Skinner Box Experiment
2.2 Punishment and Rewards
2.3Positive and Negative Reinforcers
2.4 Punishment
2.5 Alternative to Punishment
2.6 Schedule of Reinforcement
UNIT 3
3.1 Ivan Parlor Classical Conditioning
Major theoretical Notions
3.2 Repetition
3.3 Extinction
3.4 Over Learning
3.5 Spontanious Recovery
3.6 Generalization and discrimination
UNIT 4
4.1 Albert Bandora- Social Learning Theory
Major Theoratical Notions
4.2 Observational Learning
4.3 Attentional Process
4.4 Rotational Process
4.5 Production Process
4.5 Motivational Process
4.5 Self Regulation of Behaviour
4.6 Moral Conduct
4.7 Cognitive Theories of Learning

UNIT 5
6.1 Information Processing Theory-Claude Shannon
6.2 Information Processes
6.3 Short term Memory
6.4 Long Term Memory
6.5 Mnemonic Memory Devices
UNIT 6
7.1 Semantic Network Theory Jean Piaget
Major Theoretical Notions Donal A. Normal
7.2 Intelligence
7.3 Schemata
7.4 Assimilation And Accomodation
7.5 Equilibration
7.6 Interiorization
7.7 Stages Of Development
UNIT 7
8.1 Neurophysiologic Theory Donald Hebb
8.2 Arousal Theory
8.3 Reinforcement Center In Brain
8.4 Split Brain, Left Brain, Right Brain  
Unit 8
  Educational Implications of Theories of Learning
 
Recommended Books
1. B.R.Hergenhahn, An Introduction to theories of Learning
 2.Jeane Ellis,Educational Psychology
 3.Paul Eggen and Don Kauchak, Educational Psychology

4 Robert R. Mowrer, Stephen B. Klein - 2001 -- learning theories

Contemporary learning theories: instrumental conditioning theory ...: Volume 1

5 Stephen B. Klein, Robert R. Mower - 1989 – Contemporary theories of   learning: learning theorists

6 Richard E Ripple 1964 Reading in Learning and Human Abilities     London Harper and Row 

 7 AG Hughes and E H Hughes 1957 Learning and Teaching London  Longman Green and co.

8 Marion Milner 1929 The Human Problems in School London Methuen   and co.

 9 Theo Sonderegger 1988 Pscychology Lincoln Nebraska Cliffs Notes

10 Suchitra Deshprabbhu 2007 Edugational Psychology and Child Development New Delhi Kinshka publishers






LEADERSHIP IN EDUCATION

Course code # 716


Unit….1- The Nature of Leadership in Education

6.1Meaning and Scope of Educational leadership
6.2 Education and Self-realization changing Interpretation.
6.3 Leadership as Group Function.
6.4 The Role of Leadership as a variable in Education


Unit….2- Leadership in Planning the creatively Designed Curriculum

2.1 Working with Teachers to determine desirable Curriculum.
2.2 The Nature of Learning and the Curriculum.

Unit….3- Leadership Styles

3.1 Lewin’s Leadership Styles
3.2 Authoritative Leadership.
3. 3Delegative Leadership.
3.4 Democratic Leadership.

Unit….4- Leadership Characteristics

4.1 Trait Model of Leadership.
4.2 Situational Leadership.
4.3 Effective Leadership.
4.4 Contingency Models.
4.5 Non Leader Leadership

Unit….5- Leadership and Democratic Framework

5.1 Leadership for Democratic Community in School.
5.2 Leadership for Self Managing Work Terms.
5.3 Diversity of Leadership Perception and practices in Pakistan
5.4 Exploring Affective Leadership
           
Unit….6-Teacher’s Leadership role

6.1 Resource provider
6.2 School Leader
6.3 Mentor
6.4 Classroom supporter
6.5 Agent of change    




Unit….7- The Role of Principal as a leader

7.1 Principal Role in improving students’ achievement
7.2 The Role of Principal in School reform
7.3 Making shared leadership  

Unit….8- The Role of D0O/EDO as a Leader

8.1 Financial Management
8.2 Office Management
8.3 Planning and Development
8.4 School Supervision and Inspection
8.5 Administration and Supervision of Private Schools


Unit….9- Leadership in the Evaluation of Teaching and Learning

9.1 Changing Interpretation of Appraisal.
9.2 Newer Concepts of Evaluation.
9.3 Current Application of Evaluation.


Unit….10- Dynamic Leadership


10.1 Crisis Leader.
10.2 Evolutionary Leader.
10.3 Background Leader.
10.4 Transformational / Dynamic Leader.






 BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1-      Marzano.R  Et all      (2005)                School Leadership that works

2-      Khaki.J & Safdar.Q   (2010)             Educational Leadership in Pakistan

3-        Petra, E et al.    School Leadership and Administration 

4-      Fuman.G (2002)     Leadership for Democratic Community in School  by - Yearbook of the National Society for

5-      Stewat.G 1995     Leadership for Self Managing work terms. A typology and integrative model -Human relation, hum.sagepub.com.

6-      Fullan.M (2006)    Educational Leadership 2nd Ed

7-      Reeves.D (2006)    the learning Leader

8-      Hoerr .T (2005)The art of school Leadership 1st Ed

9-       Sharma.T (2008) A hand book of leadership

10-  Shirley, Hord & Stephanie(2009) the Principal’s role in supporting learning communities Volume 66

11-  Herold Spears  Improving the supervision Instruction

12-  Ediger.M & Rao.D (2006) Improving School Administration









Course outline

Ph.D. Education (903)

Course Name:          ISLAMIC FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION
Name of Student:     Hayat Muhammad                         Class No.       06       
Unit-I
Al-Quran – Surah Al-Baqarah    Verses No. 177 – 186
1.1
Articles of Faith
1.2
God
1.3
Angels
1.4
Prophets
1.5
Revelation
1.6
Resurrection & Judgment
1.7
Predestination
Unit-II
Pillars of Islam
2.1
Tauheed
2.2
Prayer
2.3
Fasting
2.4
Zakat
2.5
Pilgrimage
Unit-III
Dealing
3.1
Trade and Business
3.2
Zakat and Ushar
3.3
Income
3.4
Investment and saving
3.5
Properties and shares
3.6
Capital Punishment
Unit-IV
Ethics
4.1
Characters
4.2
Respect and honour
4.3
Dignity and Emotions
4.4
Peace and Justice
Unit-V
Surah Al-Baqarah Verse No. (282-284)
5.1
Dealing
5.2
Trade
5.3
Trust
Unit-VI
Surah Al-Nisa  Verse No. (1-14 & 176)
6.1
Inheritance
6.2
Importance
6.3
Methods
6.4
Distribution
Unit-VII
Surah Bani-Israil Verses No. (13-52)
7.1
Rights of Parents
7.2
Injust Murder
7.3
Rights of Orphans
7.4
Adultery (Zina)
Unit-VIII
Surah Hujrat Verse No. (1-13)
8.1
The status of Prophet
8.2
Morality and Ethics
Unit-IX
Hadith
9.1
Meaning and definition
9.2
Importance
9.3
Kinds
9.4
Aims
Unit-X
Law and Jurisprudence (Sharia and Fiqqah)
10.1
Jurists
10.2
Etiquette and Diet
10.3
Family life
10.4
Government
10.5
Military

 


Course Outlines of Educational Statistics PhD (Education)

Course Code No: 809

Unit 1: Introduction

1.1-Introduction and Braches of Statistics
1.2- Frequency distribution
1.3- Scales of measurement, types of scales
1.4-Data, types of Data
1.5- Graphical representation of Data
Bar graphs
Histograms
Line graphs
Scatter plots

Unit 2:  Measures of Central Tendency

2.1-Mean
2.2- Median
2.3- Mode
2.4 -A comparison of mean, median, mode


Unit 3: Measures of variability

3.1- The Range
3.2- The Quartile Deviation
3.3- The Variance and standard deviation
3.4 - Standard deviation and the normal distribution


Unit 4: Measures of variability


4.1 -Measure of relationship
4.2- The spearman Rho
4.3- The Pearson’s  r


Unit 5: Measure of Relative standing (position)

5.1- Percentile Rank
5.2- Standard scores
5.3- Z-score
5.4- T-score



Unit 6: Basic concept of inferential statistics

6.1 –Hypothesis and its Types
6.3 -Standard Error, Type 1 and type-2 Errors
6.4 -Degree of freedom
6.5 –Levels of significance

Unit 7:  Hypothesis testing

7.1 -The t-test for independent sample
7.2- The t-test for Non-independent sample
7.3-One way analysis of variance
7.4-Post Hoc test in analysis of variance


Unit 8: Test of Significance
           
           
            8.1- Regression
            8.2- Chi-square test for contingency tables
8.3- t-tests for correlation coefficient



Unit 9:  Use of SPSS in Data analysis

9.1 -Introductions to SPSS
9.2 -Entries of data in SPSS
9.3 -Analyses of data by SPSS

Recommended Books:


Burke Johnson and Larry Christensen (2008).Educational Research; Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Approaches. Los Angeles; SAGE Publication.

Brian C. Cronk .,(2008). How to use SPSS: A step by step Guide to Analysis and Interpretation, Pyrczak pub.

L. R. Gay (2000). Educational Research: competencies for Analysis and Application (5th Ed). Islamabad: National Book Foundation.

David. S. Moore (2000).The basic practice of statistics (2nd Ed).New York: W.H. Freeman and Co.

Edward W.Minium, Robert B Clarke, Theodore Coladarci, Casey D. Cobb.,(2010),  
          John wiley & sons Inc.

Gouhang Charan Nanda, Pratap Keshari Khatai.,(2005), Fundamentals of educational
          Research and Statistics. Ludhiana (India) Kalyani Publishers

Henery E. Garrett (2000). Statistics in Psychology and Education. Islamabad : National
          Book Foundation (6th print).

B.L.Sinha (2006) Statistics in Psychology and Education New Delhi Anmol Publications
          Pvt.Ltd.

Thad R. Harsh Barger (1971) Introductory Statistics: A Decision Map New York
          Macmillan Company

John w Best and John



Course: Contemporary Philosophies of Education
Course Code: 704
Unit 1 Philosophical background of Education
1.1              Philosophy and Education
1.2              Various dimensions of education
1.3              Knowledge, its nature, validity and limitations
Unit2. Conservative Philosophies of Education
     2.1 Essentialism
     2.2 Perennialism
2.3 Existentialism
Unit3. Progressive Philosophies of Education
    3.1 Progressivism
    3.2 Naturalism
    3.3 Pragmatism
    3.4 Reconstructionism
Unit4. Humanism
    4.1 Epistemology
    4.2 Humanistic Religious Education
    4.3 Theology of Education
UniT5. Islam and Educational Theory
    5.1 The concept of reality in Islam
   5.2 Aims of education in Islam
UniT6. Moral Education
        6.1 Ethics and Morality
        6.2 Moral & Character Development


Unit7. Aims in Cosmology
       7.1 Metaphysical cosmology
       7.2 Individualism and reality of self
       7.3 Origin of Universe
       7.4 Various Beliefs about the Nature of Universe
       7.5 Monism, Pantheism, Emanations and Creationism
       7.6 Teleology
  Unit 8 Western view about Islam
      8.1 Definition of Islam
  8.2 Philosophy of Anthropomorphism
8.3 Concept of Allah
  8.4 western views about Islam & Christianity
Unit 9 Axiology
       9.1 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values
       9.2 Nature of Values
       9.3 Intrinsic Theory
       9.4 Extrinsic Theory
Unit 10 Islamic Educational Theories
         10.1 Alghazali Educational Theory             
        10.2 Ibn-e-Khuldun Educational Theory
        10.3 Ibn-e-Sina views about the nature of Prophetic knowledge     


Suggested Books for Readings
1.                  Contemporize philosophy study of logical positive & Existentialism by fredrirek  Coplestom. (2002)
2.                  The Oxford hand book of Contemporary Philosophy Frank Jackson, Michael smith (2008)
3.                  Issues in contemporary Philosophy of Religion by Eugene Thomas long (2001)
4.                  Thanking it through: An introduction to contemporary philosophy by kwame Anthony Appiah (2003)
5.                  Those who can teach by Kevin Ryan, James. M. cooper (2008)
6.                  Educational philosophy of the Holy Quran by Dr. Mehar Abul Haq, Institute of Islamic Culture 2 Club Road, Lahore Pakistan
7.                  Modern Philosophies of Education, by Abdul Fawad Baqi (1959)
8.                  The Philosophy of Religion by Galloway, G.
9.                  Ibne Khaldun, An Arab Philosophy of History, Trans, Charles, Issawi, London, (1950)
10.              Ibrahim Kamal” At Tarbiayah ‘India Ibne Seena, Al Kitab-udh-Dhahabi lil Mahraja Alofi, Cairo, Matba ah Misr, (1952)









THEORIES OF LEARNING course code 704

 
                            COURSE OUTLINES
UNIT
 
 1.1  Introduction to Theories of Learning
 1.2   Behavioristic Theories of Learning
 1.3   Thorndike’s Theory
 1.4   Associative Theories of Learning
 1.5  Major Theoretical Notions
I Connectionism
II Selecting and Connecting
III Learning is Incremental, not insightful
IV The Law of Readiness
V Law of Effect
Vi Law of Exercise
 
UNIT 2
B.F. Skinner instrumental Conditioning
2.1 The Skinner Box Experiment
2.2 Punishment and Rewards
2.3Positive and Negative Reinforcers
2.4 Punishment
2.5 Alternative to Punishment
2.6 Schedule of Reinforcement
UNIT 3
3.1 Ivan Parlor Classical Conditioning
Major theoretical Notions
3.2 Repetition
3.3 Extinction
3.4 Over Learning
3.5 Spontanious Recovery
3.6 Generalization and discrimination
UNIT 4
4.1 Albert Bandora- Social Learning Theory
Major Theoratical Notions
4.2 Observational Learning
4.3 Attentional Process
4.4 Rotational Process
4.5 Production Process
4.5 Motivational Process
4.5 Self Regulation of Behaviour
4.6 Moral Conduct
4.7 Cognitive Theories of Learning

UNIT 5
6.1 Information Processing Theory-Claude Shannon
6.2 Information Processes
6.3 Short term Memory
6.4 Long Term Memory
6.5 Mnemonic Memory Devices
UNIT 6
7.1 Semantic Network Theory Jean Piaget
Major Theoretical Notions Donal A. Normal
7.2 Intelligence
7.3 Schemata
7.4 Assimilation And Accomodation
7.5 Equilibration
7.6 Interiorization
7.7 Stages Of Development
UNIT 7
8.1 Neurophysiologic Theory Donald Hebb
8.2 Arousal Theory
8.3 Reinforcement Center In Brain
8.4 Split Brain, Left Brain, Right Brain  
Unit 8
  Educational Implications of Theories of Learning
 
Recommended Books
1. B.R.Hergenhahn, An Introduction to theories of Learning
 2.Jeane Ellis,Educational Psychology
 3.Paul Eggen and Don Kauchak, Educational Psychology

4 Robert R. Mowrer, Stephen B. Klein - 2001 -- learning theories

Contemporary learning theories: instrumental conditioning theory ...: Volume 1

5 Stephen B. Klein, Robert R. Mower - 1989 – Contemporary theories of   learning: learning theorists

6 Richard E Ripple 1964 Reading in Learning and Human Abilities     London Harper and Row 

 7 AG Hughes and E H Hughes 1957 Learning and Teaching London  Longman Green and co.

8 Marion Milner 1929 The Human Problems in School London Methuen   and co.

 9 Theo Sonderegger 1988 Pscychology Lincoln Nebraska Cliffs Notes

10 Suchitra Deshprabbhu 2007 Edugational Psychology and Child Development New Delhi Kinshka publishers


 






Process of Educational Planning in Pakistan
PhD Course code 818.

Unit no. 1        Educational Planning in Pakistan

1.1              Educational Planning in Pakistan, Historical Perspective.
1.2              An analytical study of the educational policies,
1.2.1        Formulation, PC-I to PC-V.
1.2.2        Implementation and
1.2.3        Effect on our Educational system.

Unit no.2         Planning and Organizational Set up
           
2.1              Educational Planning and Organizational Set up.
2.2              Educational Planning and Organization at Federal level.
2.3              Educational Planning and Organization at Provincial level.
2.4              Educational Planning and Organization at District level.
2.5              Educational Planning and Organization at Institutional level.
2.6              Challenges in Educational Planning, after 18th.  Amendment.

Unit no.3         Process of Educational Planning

3.1              Process of Educational Planning
3.2              Planning cycle
3.3              Types of Educational Planning
3.4              Models of Educational Planning
3.5              Mechanism of Educational Planning
3.6              Approaches to educational Planning
3.7              Plan formulation and Design
3.8              Plan Implementation and Evaluation Techniques.
 
Unit no.4         Modern Development in Educational Planning
           
4.1              Modern Development in Educational Planning.
4.2              Factors affecting Educational Planning;
4.2.1        Demographic
4.2.2        Economic
4.2.3        Socio-cultural
4.2.4        Political

Unit no.5         Educational Planning Skills

5.1            Information Required for Educational planning.
5.2            Growth rate analysis.
5.3            Enrolment Projection.
5.4            Efficiency and wastages.
5.4.1        Cost effectiveness
5.4.2        Economics of Education
5.4.3        Dropout rate and its causes
5.4.4         
Unit no.6         Educational planning

6.1            Strategic Planning
6.2            Developing Quality
6.3            Resource Management;
6.3.1        Material Resources
6.3.2        Human Resources

Unit no.7         Project Planning

7.1          Project planning Process 
7.2          Project design
7.3          Project Cycle and Analysis
7.4          Project Environment and its Impact on Project Implementation.


Unit no.8         Performance Appraisal and Quality Enhancement

8.1        Integration of Organizational and Individual Goals.
8.2        Performance Appraisal
8.3        Approaches to Performance Appraisal
8.4        Positive Inter-Organizational Relations

Unit no.9         Planning External Relations of Educational Institutions

9.1          External Relations in Schools/Colleges.
9.2          Links with Educational Environment
9.3          Links with the Community.
9.4          The Marketing Environment

Unit no.10       Organizational Effectiveness and Improvement in Education

10.1        Organizational theories and Analysis
10.2        Educational Institutions’ Effectiveness.
10.3         Planning Changes for Institutional Improvement.






Suggested  Books:


National Educational Policy, 1998. 2009. Ministry of Education Pakistan.

Margaret, P. Educational Planning, (!999). Open University Press, Philadelphia.

Galbraith, J.(1997) Organization Design, New York: Crowin/Sage.

Goldring, E.B. (1998) Principals of Schools.New Tork: Holt and Winston.

Pfeffer,J .(1995) Power in Organization. Marshfield, MA:Pitman.

Wilson, M.J ( 1998) The internal efficiency of the educational System. Logas Federal Ministry of Education.


 








LEADERSHIP IN EDUCATION

Course code # 716


Unit….1- The Nature of Leadership in Education

6.1Meaning and Scope of Educational leadership
6.2 Education and Self-realization changing Interpretation.
6.3 Leadership as Group Function.
6.4 The Role of Leadership as a variable in Education


Unit….2- Leadership in Planning the creatively Designed Curriculum

2.1 Working with Teachers to determine desirable Curriculum.
2.2 The Nature of Learning and the Curriculum.

Unit….3- Leadership Styles

3.1 Lewin’s Leadership Styles
3.2 Authoritative Leadership.
3. 3Delegative Leadership.
3.4 Democratic Leadership.

Unit….4- Leadership Characteristics

4.1 Trait Model of Leadership.
4.2 Situational Leadership.
4.3 Effective Leadership.
4.4 Contingency Models.
4.5 Non Leader Leadership

Unit….5- Leadership and Democratic Framework

5.1 Leadership for Democratic Community in School.
5.2 Leadership for Self Managing Work Terms.
5.3 Diversity of Leadership Perception and practices in Pakistan
5.4 Exploring Affective Leadership
           
Unit….6-Teacher’s Leadership role

6.1 Resource provider
6.2 School Leader
6.3 Mentor
6.4 Classroom supporter
6.5 Agent of change    




Unit….7- The Role of Principal as a leader

7.1 Principal Role in improving students’ achievement
7.2 The Role of Principal in School reform
7.3 Making shared leadership  

Unit….8- The Role of DO/EDO (District officer exective district officer as a Leader

8.1 Financial Management
8.2 Office Management
8.3 Planning and Development
8.4 School Supervision and Inspection
8.5 Administration and Supervision of Private Schools


Unit….9- Leadership in the Evaluation of Teaching and Learning

9.1 Changing Interpretation of Appraisal.
9.2 Newer Concepts of Evaluation.
9.3 Current Application of Evaluation.


Unit….10- Dynamic Leadership


10.1 Crisis Leader.
10.2 Evolutionary Leader.
10.3 Background Leader.
10.4 Transformational / Dynamic Leader.






 BOOKS RECOMMENDED

1-      Marzano.R  Et all      (2005)                School Leadership that works

2-      Khaki.J & Safdar.Q   (2010)             Educational Leadership in Pakistan

3-        Petra, E et al.    School Leadership and Administration 

4-      Fuman.G (2002)     Leadership for Democratic Community in School  by - Yearbook of the National Society for

5-      Stewat.G 1995     Leadership for Self Managing work terms. A typology and integrative model -Human relation, hum.sagepub.com.

6-      Fullan.M (2006)    Educational Leadership 2nd Ed

7-      Reeves.D (2006)    the learning Leader

8-      Hoerr .T (2005)The art of school Leadership 1st Ed

9-       Sharma.T (2008) A hand book of leadership

10-  Shirley, Hord & Stephanie(2009) the Principal’s role in supporting learning communities Volume 66

11-  Herold Spears  Improving the supervision Instruction

12-  Ediger.M & Rao.D (2006) Improving School Administration






                                                                                                             

Course code no: 708
                                                                                                              Credit hours: 03

Objectives:

Ø   To acquaint with the concepts, process of educational planning in Pakistan.
Ø   To be aware of the problems, and issues prevailing in educational planning.
Ø   To be aware of organizational structure of education in Pakistan and development of education in Pakistan.
Ø   To enable them to be aware of teacher training programme and examination system in Pakistan.
Ø   To be competent to suggest refines and improvements in educational planning.

Unit- 1     Educational Planning.

1.1  Defining aims and objectives of education.
1.2   Approaches to educational planning.
1.3  Types and goals of educational planning.
1.4  The process of plan formulation.
1.5  Process of project planning. (Teachers role in instructional planning).

Unit-2      Organizational Structure of Education.

2.1Ministry of education
2.2 Federal educational structures.
2.3 Provincial education structures
2.4 District education structure

Unit-3       Development of Education in Pakistan

3.1 Development of Education in Pakistan (1973-1975)
3.2 International Conferences on Education (1983)
3.3 Report of National Workshop on the Integration of Education.
3.4 National Educational Policies 1992, 1998-2010,
3.5 New National Educational Policies 2009.

Unit-4         Reforms in Education

4.1 Education Sector Reform
4.2 National Action Plans
4.3 Financing in Education
4.4 Elementary, Secondary and Higher Education Structure.

Unit-5      Teacher Training Programme

5.1 PITE, RITE and Elementary Institutes
5.2 Curriculum Development
5.3 Text Book Board
5.4 Examination System
5.5 Frontier Education Foundation (FEF)

Unit-6        Statistics as a Tool for Educational Planning

6.1 Basis of Data Collection
6.2 Types of Educational Statistics
6.3 Data needed for Educational Planning
6.4 Data on School Facilities

Book recommended

1- EPM department AIOU Islam Abad, 1993 study guide process of educational planning   
            1-9.

2- UNESCO, Elements of Educational Planning, Educational Studies and Documents No
            45, Paris 192.

3 -Farrukh Saleem Ansari, Educational Planning and Management, Majeed Book Depot
            Lahore.

4 -Joseph l. Massie, Essential of Management, New Delhi, 2003.








Foundation in Education Planning
Course code
Unit # 1:   Philosophical Foundation of Education
1.1           Meaning of Education and Philosophy
1.2           Relationship of Education and Philosophy
1.3           Major Philosophies Educational
1.4           Contribution of Philosophy to Education         

Unit # 2:   Psychological Foundation of Education
2.1       Meaning and Historical background of Psychology
2.2       Relationship of Psychology and Education
2.3       Nature of Educational Psychology
2.4       Application in Teaching

Unit # 3:   Social Foundation of Education
3.1   Meaning and Historical background of Sociology
3.2   Relationship of sociology and Education
3.3   Education and social order
3.4   Social changes
3.5   Politics in Education

Unit # 4:   Cultural Foundation of Education
4.1   Concept of Culture
4.2   Multiculturalism
4.3   Knowledge differences and Complexities

Unit # 5:   Ideological Foundation of Education
5.1   Impact of ideology on Education
5.2   Religious foundation of Education
5.3   Quran and Education
5.4   Hadith and Education
5.5   Fiqah and Education
5.6   Ijma and Qiyas

Unit # 6:   Scientific Foundation of Education
6.1   The World of Science
6.2   Relationship of science and education
6.3   Teaching and Technology

Unit # 7:   Historical Foundation of Education
7.1   Hindu Education
7.2   Jewish Education
7.3   Education in ancient Egypt
7.4   Greek Education
7.5   Athenian Education
7.6   The Forming of Common School
7.7   The transformation of School

Unit # 8:   Structural Foundation of Education
8.1   Organization and administration
8.2   Curriculum development
8.3   Elementary Education
8.4   Secondary Education
8.5   Higher Secondary Education
8.6   University Education
8.7   Vocational Education

Unit # 9:   Development of Education
9.1   Pre-Pakistan period
9.2   Education policies
9.3   Planning of Education according to the proposed policy 1998-2010

Unit # 10: New Perspective in Education
10.1        Education for emancipation of creative consciousness and inner Harmony
10.2        Education for peace
10.3        Education for survival
10.4        Education for international understanding
10.5        Focus on change and Modernization

Recomemded Books
1.      Howard A. Ozmon and Samuel M. Craver (2002) Philosophical Foundations of Education (7th Ed). Prentice Hall
2.      S.S. Chandra, S.S. Chandra & Rajendra Kumar Sharma(2006) Philosophy Of Education. Atlantic Publishers & Dist
3.      S. Bhattacharya(2006) Psychological Foundation of Education. Atlantic Publishers & Dist
4.      Srinibas Bhattacharya(2006) Sociological Foundations Of Education. Atlantic publishers
5.      S.S. Chandra, S.S. Chandra & Rajendra Kumar Sharma(1996) Sociology Of Education.
 Atlantic publishers
6.      Carlos Alberto Torres, Theodore R. Mitchell(1998) Sociology of education:emerging perspectives.
 SUNY Press
7.      Young Pai , Susan A. Adler and  Linda K. Shadiow (2005) Cultural Foundations of Education (4th Ed). Prentice Hall
8.      Gerald L. Gutek (1996) Philosophical and Ideological Perspectives on Education (2nd Ed). Allyn & Bacon
9.      Chipa Abdul Karim (1974)Beauty and Wisdom of the Holy Quran.Karachi, Sufi Taxtile and Printing Mills Ltd.
10.  Rizwani Raza H.(1980) Islam a Code of Social Life.Karachi, Islamic Seminary
11.  James A. Banks (2000) Cultural Diversity and Education: Foundations, Curriculum, and Teaching (4th Ed):Allyn & Bacon
12.  George F. Kneller(1971)) Foundations Of Education. John Wiley & sons, Inc.
13.  Madonna M. Murphy(2005)The history and philosophy of education: voices of educational pioneers. Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall
14.  Jerry Aldridge  and  Renitta Goldman (1996)Current Issues and Trends In Education (2nd Edition) . Allyn & Bacon







Course Code: ED-805, Personality & Adjustment
                                                                                                                                

1)    Introduction                                                                                      
1.1                   Definition of personality
1.2                    Types of personality
1.3                    Factors Affecting Personality development
1.3.1        Biological
1.3.2        Environmental
02)  Theories of Personality
   1.1                   Trait theory                            
1.2                   Behaviouristic theory                         
2.3                    Psychoanalytic theory                        
2.4                    Cognitive Theory
2.5                    Humanistic approach                         
03) Individual Differences in Personality                                                           
3.1                   Areas of Individual Differences
                                    3.2                   Importance of Individual Difference
3.3                   Factors of individual differences.
3.4                   Educational Implications
04) Evaluation & Measurement of Personality
4.1                   Objective Tests
4.2                   Projective Tests & Personality Measurement
5) Adjustment
     5.1                   Meaning of Adjustment                                 
     5.2                   School & College Adjustment
     5.3                   Family Adjustment                            
     5.4                   Vocational Adjustment
         6) Emotions
                                    6.1                   Emotional Factors and Interpersonal Relations
6.2                   Need- Satisfaction and the perception of Threat       
                                    6.3                   Patterns of Defense and Escape
        7) Understanding One Self
                                    7.1                   Complaints & Problems
                                    7.2                   Personal Motivation
                                    7.3                   Frustration & Conflict
                                    7.4                   Adjustment to Conflict
                                   

08) Maladjustment                                                                                             
8.1                   Common Emotional Patterns among Learners                                 
            8.2                   Assessment of Emotional Disturbance & Interventions
8.3                   Abnormal Personality, Assessment of Personality &      Suggested Interventions
      8.4                   Adjustment, Criteria for Adjustment, Causes of                                            Maladjustment & Suggested Interventions                                                                                                                                                                                
      8.5                   Socially Maladjusted Children
8.6                   Delinquency, Causes of Delinquency
8.7                   Planning & Implementing Intervention                     
09) Positive Traits of Personality                                                                                   
       9.1                  Self Actualization
       9.2                  Self-control
       9.3                  Optimism
       9.4                  Self –esteem
       9.5                  Forgiveness
       9.6                  Gratitude
10) Classroom Issues                                                                                          
                            10.1                 Individual & Group Difficulties
                             10.2                 Educational Implications

Recommended Books:

1.      Baumgardner, S.R.,& Crothers, M.K.(2009).Positive Psychology. New Delhi:        Pearson Educator.
2.      Lehner,G.F., & Kube (1955). The Dynamics of Personal Adjustment. (2nd ed). New           Jersey: Englewood Cliff, Prentice-Hall,Ink.
3.      Smith, H.C.(1961).Personality Adjustment. New York: McGraw-Hill Book           Company, Ink.
4.      Thorpe, L.P., & Schinuller, A.M.(1958). Personality: /An Interdisciplinary Approach. New York:D. Van Nostranel Company,Ink.

Checked, corrected, edited & approved by Ms Roomana, Psychology Department, University of Peshawar.





Course: Contemporary Philosophies of Education
Course: code 704
Unit 1. Philosophical background of Education
1.1              Philosophy and Education
1.2              Various dimensions of education
1.3              Knowledge, its nature, validity and limitations
Unit2. Conservative Philosophies of Education
     2.1 Essentialism
     2.2 Perennialism
2.3 Existentialism
Unit3. Progressive Philosophies of Education
    3.1 Progressivism
    3.2 Naturalism
    3.3 Pragmatism
    3.4 Reconstructionism
Unit4. Humanism
    4.1 Epistemology
    4.2 Humanistic Religious Education
    4.3 Theology of Education
UniT5. Islam and Educational Theory
    5.1 The concept of reality in Islam
   5.2 Aims of education in Islam
UniT6. Moral Education
        6.1 Ethics and Morality
        6.2 Moral & Character Development
Unit7. Aims in Cosmology
       7.1 Metaphysical cosmology
       7.2 Individualism and reality of self
       7.3 Origin of Universe
       7.4 Various Beliefs about the  Nature of Universe
       7.5 Monism, Pantheism, Emanations and Creationism
       7.6 Teleology
  Unit 8  Western view about Islam
      8.1 Definition  of Islam
  8.2 Philosophy of Anthropomorphism
  8.3 Concept of Allah
  8.4 western views about Islam & Christianity
Unit 9.  Axiology
       9.1 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values
       9.2 Nature of Values
       9.3 Intrinsic Theory
       9.4 Extrinsic Theory
Unit 10. Islamic Educational Theories
         10.1 Alghazali Educational Theory           
        10.2 Ibn-e-Khuldun Educational  Theory
        10.3 Ibn-e-Sina views about the nature of Prophetic knowledge   


Suggested Books for Readings
1.                  Contemporize philosophy study of logical positive & Existentialism by fredrirek  Coplestom. (2002)
2.                  The Oxford hand book of Contemporary Philosophy Frank Jackson, Michael smith (2008)
3.                  Issues in contemporary Philosophy of Religion by Eugene Thomas long (2001)
4.                  Thanking it through: An introduction to contemporary philosophy by kwame Anthony Appiah (2003)
5.                  Those who can teach by Kevin Ryan, James. M. cooper (2008)
6.                  Educational philosophy of the Holy Quran by Dr. Mehar Abul Haq, Institute of Islamic Culture 2 Club Road, Lahore Pakistan
7.                  Modern Philosophies of Education, by Abdul Fawad Baqi (1959)
8.                  The Philosophy of Religion by Galloway, G.
9.                  Ibne Khaldun, An Arab Philosophy of History, Trans, Charles, Issawi, London, (1950)
10.              Ibrahim Kamal” At Tarbiayah ‘India Ibne Seena, Al Kitab-udh-Dhahabi lil Mahraja Alofi, Cairo, Matba ah Misr, (1952)


Sunday, February 18, 2018

Relation of Curriculum, Syllabi, Instruction and Teaching

By Sultan Muhammad Khan


Syllabus          
The word syllabus in used to indicate courses of studies based upon text books or text material. It is a part of curriculum. Those who consider curriculum as courses of studies are giving limited meaning to it. To limit our definition to syllabus or courses of study would restrict our thinking. An adequate definition of curriculum should encompass subject matter/courses of study or syllabi and all the learning experiences. Because the definition of curriculum needs to be broad enough to cover learners, learning and environment of learning, hence the course of study or syllabus of any subject forms only a part of the curriculum. Instead of including only the academic subjects, it includes the total experiences that a pupil receives in the school.
What is instruction?
            Curriculum has been defined as a plan for providing sets of learning opportunities for persons to be educated in an institution. Plans have no impact until they are set in motion, thus learning opportunities remain only opportunities until learners become engaged with the opportunities.
            Instruction is defined, then, as the actual engagements of learners with planned learning opportunities in the class-room.
            Instruction is a comprehensive and pedagogical term which includes the objectives, the teacher, the taught, the leaning process and the curriculum itself, including evaluation or assessment procedures.
            Some times the word teaching is used instead of instruction thought it gives the same meaning but teaching is a limited term. There can be no learning. The innovative term which should be used is instruction.
What is teaching?
            According to Risk 1947, there can be on learning-teaching situation without a teacher, a learner and a classroom. A classroom situation can be a teaching situation if the teachers become so absorb in teaching subject matter that they lose sight of the learner as a developing personality.
            John Dewy pertinently remarked, “One may as well say that he has sold when no one has bought as to say that he has taught when no one has learned.” The statement suggests that teaching may very well be defined as the direction or guidance of learning. A study of methods of teaching then should e concerned as much with learning activates as with ways of directing such learning.
            It can also be concluded that there is no consistent, necessary connection between teachings and learning. Since learning often occurs independently in circumstances unrelated to formal teaching. Learning is a private affair, learning is what a student dose, and teaching is what a teacher dose. Instruction then becomes a comprehensive term which occurs only when both the parties are willing, active and busy in various types of activities (can be written activities).  

What is Curriculum?
                    A document or plan that exists in a   school or school system  that defines the work of teachers, at least to the extent of identifying the content to be taught to students and the method to be used in the  process. (English, 2000)
The word Curriculum is taken from the latin word  which mean race or race-course.
Oxford Dictionary defined it as a course of study
“Curriculum is a disciplining technology that directs how the individual is to act, feel, talk, and ‘see’ the world and the ‘self.’  As such, curriculum is a form of social regulation.”
The Traditional concept;
“it is a body of subjects or subject matter prepared by the teachers for the students to learn”
static view point
Initially  the curriculum was  consider the course of study which gives importance only to text book teaching in educational institutions, the objective was to help students to memorize the content  of the subject.
Dynamic view point
After 19th century  the old concept of the curriculum was replaced, it include now all the activities which are practiced inside or outside school for the well being of the students. It is the totality of learning; classroom
Experiences, lab work, play ground and interaction with the community

Instructional Development Contrasted with Curriculum Development
            Some professionals do not view the development of instruction as a subset of the development of the curriculum. They view instruction and the curriculum as discrete but related processes. Differences do exist between the two processes. These differences characterize the discreetness of the processes, but do not determine the relationships between them. The determination of the relationships is a matter of philosophy and perhaps the interests of the professional.
            The differences between the processes of instructional and curriculum development were described in an article by Dean Supitzer and Kerry Kennedy. The given table is based upon the ideas in their article.


Curriculum                                                                 Instructional
Versus
Development                                                               Development
Curriculum
Development
Instructional
Development

Based on broad goals and objectives. Intended group is large and defined in collective, generalizable terms. Presented as a gestalt, wholelistic model stressing a whole to part approach. Based on generalizable needs and wants of a population. Possession of information and information processing viewed as goal. A long range process. Based on date and models which are quantitative and qualitative. Attitude of learner tends to be determiner in decision making. Evaluation focused on both process and product.

Based on specific performance, behavioral objectives. Intended group’s small and defined in specific, precise terms. Presented as a linear model stressing a part of whole approach. Based on an assessment of the specific needs and wants of a sample of a population. Possession of skill learning is emphasized; information load reduces to minimum. A short range process. Based on data and models which are quantitative and empirical. Attitude of learner is significant but no critical in decision making. Evolution focused on product only.


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