Key
words; what
is Management? Meanings of Management, Educational Management, Importance
of educational Management, Types of management, Functions of
Management, Principles of Management
Educational
Management & Principles of Management
Meanings
of Management
The term ‘management’ encompasses an array of
different functions undertaken to accomplish a task successfully. In the
simplest of terms, management is all about ‘getting things done’. However, it
is the way and the process of how one achieves ones target or goals and it is
in this respect that management is considered an art and a science as well.
The term management may be recently defined, but it existed at a time when men started learning the art of organizing, strategizing (during wars) and/or simply planning. At the core of it, management was quintessentially considered as an art of ‘managing men’ and hence the term “manage-men-T.”
The term management may be recently defined, but it existed at a time when men started learning the art of organizing, strategizing (during wars) and/or simply planning. At the core of it, management was quintessentially considered as an art of ‘managing men’ and hence the term “manage-men-T.”
when a group of functional people organize and control a business or
organization with identified objectives. A process or activity to achieve a
predetermine objective.
Class Room Management by a teacher.
School Management by Headmaster.
Definition
“Getting things done through other people in
organized and managed way”
Management also means Control or business
Management in all business and
organizational activities are the acts of getting people together to accomplish
desired goals and objectives efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or
directing, and controlling an
organization (a
group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of
accomplishing a goal. Resourcing
encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial
resources, technological
resources, and natural
resources.
Rousseau (1972) pointed out “A real
knowledge of things may be a good thing in itself, but the knowledge of men and
their opinions is better, for in human society.”
Management
today combines creative, business, organizational, analytical and other skills
to produce effective goal-oriented results! Some of the key functions in
management includes learning to delegate, planning and organizing,
communicating clearly, controlling situations, motivating employees, adapting
to change, constantly innovating and thinking of new ideas, building a good
team and delivering results which are not just figure -bound but results that
also focus on overall growth and development.
Management
focuses on the entire organization from both a short and a long-term
perspective. Management is the managerial process of forming a strategic
vision, setting objectives, crafting a strategy and then implementing and
executing the strategy.
Educational
Management
The management is the process of
planning, organizing and controlling the educational activities for the
attainment of objectives and goals. Educational management mean governing body,
policy making body. They are responsible for;
1.
Policy
formulation
Prepare long and short term goals and polices in
light of future and society needs.
2. Supervision
of education system
3. Planning:
Planning and practical implementation of these plans
4. Training
of staff
5. Resources
Management:
Providing,
arranging funds and resources for teaching learning process
Importance
of educational Management
•
Forecasting
Forecast
the future needs of the organization.
•
Decision making
•
Planning
Flexible
and realistic plan keeping in view the
unavailability of the resources
•
Organization
Bring organization in people, students,
teachers and staff
•
Motivation
Motivate people by sharing
responsibility
•
Evaluation
Continuous
evaluation helps in the improvement of school and teaching learning process
·
Recording and reporting:
Keep
the record of students and teachers
•
Supervision
Types of
management
1.
Autocratic Management
2. Democratic
management
share responsibility, create leader, team builder
3. Laissez
faire management
Four
Functions of Management
The four functions of
management comprise of the primary functions of managers, which must be
performed efficiently for the success of an organization. These functions are
common across all fields of management, be it at a factory, a super market, a
restaurant or even at home. For the smooth functioning of any organization, the
functions are planning, organizing, leading and controlling. These functions
are referred to as the management process.
Planning
Planning is the first and
base component of management. It involves recognizing the organization’s goals
and developing strategies to achieve these goals. This is called strategy
planning. These strategies may have to be altered or completely changed
constantly based on the macro and micro factors affecting an organization. Thus
planning is a constant process. Even though all planning involves the same kind
of thought process, different types of plans are made for different functions
of an organization. Examples of planning are strategic planning, marketing
planning, business planning, succession planning, project planning, sales
planning, etc.
Organizing
Organizing is an important
responsibility of a manager. Unless a manager manages in an organized manner,
no work will get done. A manager’s organizational responsibilities include
organizing the resources of an organization, identifying different roles,
choosing the right people for these roles, delegating tasks to people, etc. He
also has to ensure that the employees have the required resources to perform
their tasks better. Inefficient organization can lead to chaos in the company.
Leading
Even though many use the
term managing and leading synonymously, nothing could be farther from the
truth. Simply managing tasks means
making people do their jobs. But leading means influencing and inspiring people
in such a way that they feel motivated to do their jobs. People find it easier
to follow a leader. Following the orders of a manager is something that is done
as a part of one’s job, but following a leader is something that is done more
willingly by people. Thus, every manager must aim at becoming a good leader. A
leader focuses on interpersonal relations with each employee and constantly
motivates them to perform better. By creating a positive working environment a
leader can effectively help improve the employees’ job performance and hence
their morale.
Controlling
Controlling as the name
suggests means controlling the various functions in the organization to ensure
they are on track with the goals that were set at the beginning of the planning
process. Controlling also involves setting certain performance standards for
the employees and constantly evaluating their job performance. Sometimes the
strategies and plans that were developed and implemented may not work out as
initially planned due to certain external factors. Controlling and evaluating
helps a manager recognize these failures and quickly implement corrective
measures to bring the task back on track.
It involves evaluating the expected and actual
job performance. This helps a manager recognize potential problems and take
preventive measures against the consequences.
These four functions of management are very
important for an organization and if done well can be the reason behind the
success of the business.
Principles of Management
What is principle? It is
a generation that is widely accepted as true system. Principles always are to
be considered helpful for several reasons.
First: They help to make more accurate decision, applying in any
situation and eliminating guesswork.
Second: it saves time. Principles provide guidelines for actions.
Third: principles enable the people to pass information from one
generation to another.
There are few Principles
which are to be adapted in management.
1. Planning Principles
a)
Principle of the Primary Objectives
b)
Principle of adequate alternative
c)
Principle of contingencies
2. Organizing Principles
a)
Unity of Command principle
b)
Adequacy of authority principle
c)
Scalar (chain-of-command) principle
3. Staffing Principles
a)
Principle of developing a successor
b)
Principle of manager evaluation
c)
Principle of management development
4. Directing Principles
a)
Principle of harmony of objective
b)
Principle of manager’s example
c)
Principle of motivation
5. Controlling Principles
a)
Principle of standards
b)
Principle of measurement of performance against standards
c) Principle of corrective action
Principles
of School Management
1.
The
policies of the school have been developed according to educational principles,
government policies and the goals of elementary school education.
2.
Reinforce
administrative organization, maintain job responsibilities and boost work
efficiency.
3.
Follow
a democratic approach, make personnel, funds, opinions, rewards and punishment
public in an attempt to lead the school toward united and harmonious direction.
4.
Strengthen
personnel management, increase employees’ motivation. Look, listen and
understand more. Promote a focus on mobile management.
5.
Emphasize
delicate campus planning, improve working environment, and inspire employees’
professional spirit.
6.
Encourage
in-service teacher education to improve teaching methods and counseling skills
in order to more effectively implement educational functions.
7.
To
respect and serve rather than manage
8.
Focus
on teachers’ sense of honor and responsibility
9.
Focus
on research, experimentation, innovation and the teaching profession.
Invigorate teachers’ spirit and stimulate educational renovation.
10. Enhance
teaching equipment and make good use of social resources in order to create
modern well-developed citizens.
11. Incorporate
the five main themes of education, and teach students in accordance with their
aptitudes to maximize their talents.
12. Focus
on the planning and delivery of special education services.
13. Strengthen
life education, moral education, and traffic safety education in order to
develop a harmonious atmosphere.
14. Develop
good relationships with communities, make use of social resources, and continue
school development in order to make the school a center of community
development.
