AN INQURIY IN TO THE METHODS OF TEACHING BIOLOGY AT SECONDARY SCHOOLS LEVEL
1.1Introductions
The word science has been originated from a Latin word
“scientia” which implies to know something from such perspective, it can be
said that any systematic effort perform to know something about anything is
known as science. To unveil the mysteries of nature and various other concepts and
processes, the technique of experiment and reasoning’s are being used by human
being.
In ancient times,
area of science was not developed because of which people considered that
various changes taking place innature were as a result of some divine power. If
any miss-happening took place, people used to say that it was a result of
misdoing and they indulged in various
rituals by which they could make their God or Goddess happy. But with the
spread of education, people began to ask questions related to various happening
taking place around them.People began to analyze all the facts on the basis of
their reasons or loss which used togovern such changes. For instance Newton’s
law of gravitation came into existence when he was once sitting under a tree
and suddenly an apple dropped on his head. He did not get satisfied by the
belief that as there is no support for apple, which led it to its fall. He
began to explore this fact and after very hard and sustain effort, he design
the law of gravitation.
Area of
science is basically concern with the processes of exploration of physical
world through three basic areas namely physics, chemistry, biology. All of
these three branches of science are important for human beings as without such
knowledge they are not able to control physical and biological world in which
they exist. Today’s world is scientific worldwhere it is not possible to make
any kind of progress in life without any kind of developments of various
equipment’s and apparatus , by which life has become very easy in comparison to
earlier times. So experts consider science as a body of knowledge.Science is a
method of inquiry, and the most important outcomes of science is acquisition of
scientific attitude. According to holy Quran knowledge is of two types,the
first is that which acquire through observation and the other type of knowledge
is metaphysical. The study of science provides training in attacking the
problem according to certain definite and distinct procedure. This specific
procedure is known as scientific method. The teacher of science develops the
scientific attitude in students .This attitude includes critical observation,
open mindedness, suspended judgment.
There are
different methods of teaching biology they are lecture method, project method,
laboratory method, discussion method, brain stroming, workshop which was used
in teaching biology.
1.2 Background and justification
Today’s world is the world of science. A period of change and
progress and it is getting newer every movement.The present century rightly
called as modern that is science of technological age. The search of truth
becomes the prosecution of science.
This
research will focus on the method of teaching of science teacher because he is
the person who provides younger people with the kind of education which will
not only provide an understanding of today’s problems but to keep recognize and
interpret signals for future. This research will find outnew method and techniques
for teaching science because modern world needs an education in the science
that is up to date and relevant to contemporary life. This research will also
helpful for teachers to clear concept about science fairs, science exhibition, and
the use of Audio-visual aids for students.
1.3 Objectives of the study
The main
objectives of the study are;
1. To explore the methods of teaching biology
followed by teachers in selected schools.
2. To explore laboratory facilities
for practical work in selected schools.
3. To identify the type
of A.V aids are used for biology teaching.
4. Suggest measure’s for improvement in
teaching of biology.
1.4 Significance of the study
This study is expected contributed towards the
promotion of science education at secondary level in the following manners.
Ø To offer alternative to the teachers
and to improve their teaching methods.
Ø To change the traditional class in to
activity oriented place.
Ø To enable the teachers to develop the
habit of identification and utilization of the local resources.
Ø To enable the students to acquire and
practice skills for learning of science.
Ø To make policy makers, planners, administrators
and science teachers to realize that non availability of sophisticated
equipment in biology laboratory is a problem, but one that can be solved to
some extent.
1.6 Research questions
To complete
this study, certain questions needed to be answered by teachers
1. What are the best methods to use for the teaching
of biology?
2. What types of laboratory facilities are
available for practical work?
3. What type of A.V aids could be used in
the teaching of biology?
2. Research design
Quantitative research design will be used. A reliableQuestionnaire
will be used for data collection in schools.
2. 1 Nature of the
study
The nature of the study is descriptive type.
2.2 Population
All the Girls and their teachers of district Peshawar are the
population of this study.
2.3 Sampling
Four selected schools will be randomly selected.The sample
size will be 25 students and 10 teachers from each school.
2.4 Tools of data
collection
Two Questionnaireswill be used for data collection one for teachers
and one for students.
2.5 Limitation of the
study
The data will be collected only from female students and
teachers, male students and teacher will not be the part of this study because
in KPK culture, it is difficult for girls to go into boys’ schools.
2.6Delimitation of the
study
This study is delimited to district Peshawar.
3.1 Ethical consideration
The researcher will keep in mind all the ethical
consideration and will try not to harm any one’s feelings and emotions.
3.2 Research methods/time
frame
Develop
research proposal and obtain approval 60 days
Develop and improve instrument 10 days
Download
research 10 days
Administer
instrument and data collection
70 days
Data
analysis 30 days
Research
report writing 60 Days
REFERENCES
Crow,L.D.& Ritchie,H.E.(1961).Education in the
secondary school (1st Ed).
New Dehli; American Bank Company.
Gay,L.R. (1990). Educational Research competencies for
Analysis and Application.(3rd Ed). New York; Macmillan Publication
Company.
Gupta, V.K. (1995). Teaching and learning of science and Technology New
Delhi; Vika publishing House.
