By Khan
Key word; Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Needs vs. Wants, Maslow's and Alderfer's
Hierarchies, Self-actualization:
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham
Maslow (1954) presented his theory hierarchy of human needs based on two
factors: first deficiency needs and second growth needs. In deficiency
needs, one must lower the need before moving to the next higher level.
When these needs of an individual satisfied, if in future at some point a
deficiency is detected, the individual will remove the deficiency easily.
The first four levels of attribution are:
Physiological: hunger, thirst, and comforts etc.
Security: need of Safety and Security (out of danger)
Belongingness: Love and Belongingness, affiliation with others,
acceptance by others
Esteem: Get approval and recognition from others for his
achievement, and competency
Self-actualization:
It
is the most important need. It means self-awareness, to know one’s own skills
and weaknesses. The individual focus on fulfilling his dreams on his own potential
and he no longer worry about what others think. At this stage, the individual
is concerned with his own personal growth.
According
to Maslow, an individual is ready to act upon the growth needs if the
deficiency needs are met.
Needs vs. Wants
What
is need? And what is difference between needs and wants? Needs are those things
which necessary for one’s life while wants are those for which people desire to
have it but it is not necessary for life. For examples water, food, shelter,
breathing, care, health and basic clothing, etc. are the basic needs for
survival of life.
The
examples of wants include television, fashion clothing, computers, Internet,
movies, vacations, makeup, outing, mobile, new cars, etc. these are the things
that bring comfort in life and it will improve the standard of life, but these
things are not necessary for survival of life.
Psychologists
believe that needs impact the personality of an individual, for example without
food, water, shelter, and basic clothing, it would drastically impact the personality
of an individual; he would suffer from low self-esteem, and he may not survive.
On the other hand if all these basic things are being met, he will feel more
comfortable in life, which wills make him more secure and confident in life.
But,
What if all the wants were achieved, as is often happened, people get over-confident
or arrogant, acts like superior to others, and children, act like spoiled brats
in this case. So the completion of wants may also affect their personality
badly.
Maslow
considers needs and wants the stages of development of personality; he think,
that people gradually goes through these stages of need and development.
Starting from the bottom, when one need is met at first level, he goes on to
the next need, as a result it bring improvement in personality but, if
something threaten the needs, such as not having food or safety, etc., then an
individual go back down the hierarchy. If the needs are not fulfill, it will
have a bad impact on the personality development. If all the needs are fulfill,
the individual will progress and continue to grow having a good personality.
Maslow believed that an individual do not advance to the next level of needs
until the needs of each level have first been met. For example, if someone is
at the safety level, then he cannot advance to love and belonging level until the
safety and security needs have been met.
Maslow
admitted that not all personalities develop as he proposed in hierarchy.
While some of personality dimensions might be due to motivational needs, for
example introversion and extroversion. Considering the
introversion/extraversion dimension of personality, which suggests there may be
two side of each level that differentiate how people relate to each set of
needs. Some personalities might relate more to one dimension than the
other.
A Reorganization of Maslow's
and Alderfer's Hierarchies
Maslow's
work on Hierarchy of Needs lead to additional attempts to develop a grand
theory of motivation, a theory that would added all the factors influencing
motivation into one model of motivation. The example provided by Leonard,
Beauvais, and Scholl (1999). They proposed five additional factors for the
sources of motivation:
1. Instrumental Motivation (rewards and punishment)
2. Intrinsic
Process Motivation (enjoyment and fun)
3. Goal Internalization (self-determined values and
goals)
4. Internal Self Concept-based Motivation (matching
behavior with internally-developed ideal self)
5. External Self Concept-based Motivation (matching
behavior with externally-developed ideal self)
Individuals
are influenced by all these five factors; the effect of change could be
different by degrees in different individual and specific situations.
Factors
one and five are both very motivational. The main difference between the
two factors are that the individuals who are instrumentally motivated, they are
influenced more by immediate actions or change in the environment (e.g. operant
conditioning) whereas self-concept motivated individuals are influenced more by their constructions of
external demands and ideals.
Factors
number two, three, and four are more internally-oriented. In the
intrinsic process, the specific tasks are interesting, funny and provide more immediate
internal reinforcement for motivation. The person with a goal internalization
is more task oriented (e.g., humanistic theory) in this theory the person with
an internal self-concept orientation is more influenced by the individual
constructions of an ideal self.
Resources
AACAP and David Pruitt. Your
Child: Emotional, Behavioral, and Cognitive Development from Infancy through
Pre-Adolescence. New York: Harper Collins, 1998.
AACAP and David Pruitt. Your
Adolescent: Emotional, Behavioral, and Cognitive Development from Early
Adolescence through the Teen Years. New York: Harper Collins, 1999.
Allen, Bem P. Personality
Theories: Development, Growth, and Diversity. Harlow, UK: Allyn &
Bacon, 2002.
Berger, Elizabeth. Raising
Children With Character: Parents, Trust, and the Development of Personal
Integrity. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1999.
Erikson, Erik. Childhood
and Society. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1993.
Erikson, Erik. The Erik
Erikson Reader. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2000.
Goleman, Daniel. Working
With Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam, 1998.
Rogers, Carl. On Becoming
a Person. Boston: Mariner Books, 1995.
Shaffer, David R. Social
and Personality Development. Independence, KT: Wadsworth Publishing, 1999.
"Social, Emotional, and
Personality Development." Handbook of Child Psychology , edited by
William Damon and Nancy Eisenberg. 5th ed. New York: Wiley, 2000.
Comments
Daftar 12Tembakikan
Link Daftar Slot Joker123
Link Daftar Judi Tembak Ikan Joker123
Link Daftar Agen Judi Sbobet
Link Daftar Agen Judi Live Casino Online
Link Daftar Agen Judi Sabung Ayam Online
Halkalı evden eve Nakliyat
sinop evden eve Nakliyat
çakır evden eve Nakliyat
karadeniz evden eve Nakliyat
sinop asansörlü taşımacılık
https://www.endofleasecleaningperth.net.au/how-to-choose-a-carpet-cleaning-company-in-perth/
https://freeconvertpdf.com/blog/pdf-converter-fast-online-pdf-editor
https://appdevzone.com/blog/Best-SEO-Services-Provider-Agency-in-2021
https://www.hhfloorsandingperth.com.au/best-floor-sanding-experts-perth/
Storevela is a blog that guides people to buy the top and best product they need by giving them reviews, information and stats about the particular.The best products for you to buy, We provide Buyer's Guides and comparison between different products. Visit our website to learn more!
https://storevela.com/
Top Information Technology Colleges in India
B.E in Mechanical Engineering Colleges in Coimbatore
I am excited to share this with my friends because they will also get something from it surely and will be thankful for yours. Keep sharing your thoughts.
I am Stella Jones from AU and I am a part of a joint seal service provider team with Caulkers Brisbane solution. We are the best joint sealing solution company in the AU.
Feel free to contact us and get a permanent solution for joint sealing.
https://www.nextgenupdate.com/forums/members/94022766-hrshikauproi.html
https://jobs.thetab.com/profiles/2827407-hrshika-uproi
http://www.nissanpatrol.com.au/forums/member.php?153139-hrshikauproi
https://www.gta5-mods.com/users/hrshikauproi
https://forum.honorboundgame.com/user-395819.html
https://www.bahamaslocal.com/userprofile/1/131500/hrshikauproi.html
http://t.songvault.fm/artists/hrshika_uproi.htm
https://forum.bigant.com/member.php?action=profile&uid=487631
https://doselect.com/@hrshikauproi
https://www.youcamapps.com/profile/196564760229010191
https://manufacturers.network/user/hrshikauproi/
http://epcsoftware.org/member.php?action=profile&uid=275046
https://www.thecollectivity.org/en/users/22266
https://jobs.thedrinksbusiness.com/profiles/2828829-hrshika-uproi
https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/users/hrshikauproi
https://www.tabletennisdaily.com/forum/member.php?107421-hrshikauproi
https://www.easyfie.com/hrshikauproi
https://www.ozbargain.com.au/user/432980
https://morguefile.com/creative/hrshika%20uproi
https://golance.com/users/hrshika.uproi
https://study.physiotutors.com/members/hrshikauproi/
https://pairup.makers.tech/en/hrshikau
https://gettogether.community/profile/33568/
https://postgresconf.org/users/hrshika-uproi
Checkout about PRINCE2 CERTIFICATION
ONLINE PMP CERTIFICATION TRAINING
overseas education consultants
best places to study abroad
overseas education services
foreign study consultancy
Study Abroad Consultant
Writing about best laptops and business dealing in Laptops and accessories.
Are you an aspiring IELTS candidate living in Laxmi Nagar? Congratulations! You have come to the right place. Laxmi Nagar is a great place to prepare for the IELTS exam, as there are many excellent coaching institutes here that offer comprehensive preparation and guidance. But with so many options available, it can be hard to decide which one is best for you. That’s why we have compiled are mention the Best IELTS Coaching in Laxmi Nagar. Visit us to learn more about them and what they offer.
IELTS Coaching in East Delhi
IELTS Coaching in Laxmi Nagar
Are you planning to take the IELTS exam but feeling overwhelmed with where to start? Look no further, as we have done the research for you!
Cambridge English Academy (CEA) India has been providing IELTS training in East Delhi for the past few years and has become one of the most popular IELTS coaching in East Delhi.
For More Info Visit Us:
Best IELTS Coaching in East Delhi
IELTS Coaching in East Delhi
Top Electricians services in Sydney
Information technology is a study of software training of this generation that helps to clear all the enterprise and organizational problems. Software engineering makes use of computers, storage, and networks to control information or data. Information technology plays a big role in the human society nowadays either in banking, E-commerce, and food delivery company most of the company needs software technology to run their business online that’s why every Multinational company hire software engineers with great salary to grow their business digitally. Getting a job opportunity in the IT sector is complicated without getting the proper knowledge and skills in computers. The Aptech learning official is the best computer institute in Dwarka to provide affordable training to students in web development and coding in PHP, C++, and Javascript to grow potentially in this digital era.
For more details please visit our website : Aptech Dwarka
Don't Wait any longer! Join BIIT Today !!
Best computer classes in Laxmi Nagar
Best Computer course in Laxmi Nagar
Best Computer institute in Laxmi Nagar
Why do you require a Digital marketing agency
Service?
If you want assistance with your marketing efforts, you might want to think about hiring an agency:
You don't have time to promote and grow your brand because you run a small online store as a hobby or side business.
You have just launched an e-commerce website and are unsure of where to begin with digital marketing or how to put it into practice.
You run a well-established small business, but you find that hiring an in-house marketer is more expensive than outsourcing marketing services to an agency.
Your business is developing rapidly and you want to talk with computerized showcasing experts to figure out how to scale your advertising endeavors.
In the event that you decide to recruit an office, you can pick a neighborhood or a worldwide one, contingent upon your inclinations, business type and industry.
For more details please visit our website : Asinfovision
Don't Wait Any Longer Join BIIT Today !!
Best Digital Marketing Course in East Delhi
Best Digital Marketing Institute in East Delhi
Digital Marketing Institute in East Delhi
Syair Sdy Your article on the importance of hiring licensed electricians was insightful.
Our aim on every job is to give every single client 100% customer satisfaction and leave your carpets and soft furnishings hygienically clean. We love cleaning carpets and upholstery and would love the opportunity to clean yours.
Get in touch with us today for a free competitive quote. https://www.carpetbright.uk.com/carpet-cleaning/london/
If you're looking for a reliable and experienced 3D CAD Solidworks provider in Gurgaon, look no further than our team.
We specialize in providing high-quality 3D CAD Solidworks services to businesses of all sizes and industries. Our team of experts has years of experience working with Solidworks, and we're committed to delivering exceptional results that meet your specific needs and requirements.
Whether you need 3D modeling, simulation, or design services, we have the skills and expertise to get the job done right. We use the latest Solidworks software and tools to ensure that your project is completed accurately and efficiently.
For more details please Visit our website: MSD Facilitators
10th class
Sahiwal Board 10th Class Result
https://coursejet.com/digital-marketing-courses-in-chennai/
wonderful article to improve my experience.
Best Mobile App Development Agency in India
can help you save time and money by taking care of all the technical aspects of digital marketing.
can help you save time and money by taking care of all the technical aspects of digital marketing.
Here are some top Movies and TV shows website.
1. Soap2day - Soap2day is a website where you can watch Daily Soap and Movies for free.
2. o2tvseries - o2tvseries is a place to watch all your favorite TV series for free. It has some movies to Watch too.
3. hdmp4mania is a very popular website to watch movies for free.
4. Toxicwap - toxicwap is one of the best website to get movies and TV shows for free.
5. Hurawatch- Hurawatch is one of the well known place to get all your movies and TV shows to binge for free.
Conclusion- Movies and TV shows are part of everyone's entertainment. It's good to get them for free. Have fun!
We have created this website to provide users or readers useful and authentic information about almost all topics and categories.
Check the SAP business one blog, This is just like the same thing But in more depth.
Also This erp software for smes surrey.
Our aim on every job is to give every single client 100% customer satisfaction and leave your carpets and soft furnishings hygienically clean. We love cleaning carpets and upholstery and would love the opportunity to clean yours.
Get in touch with us today for a free competitive quote. https://www.carpetbright.uk.com/carpet-cleaning/london/
Trường hợp được miễn thuế tncn khi chỉ có một nhà
Thời điểm xuất hóa đơn theo quy định của pháp luật
Cách xử lý khi không có hóa đơn đầu vào mà đã xuất hóa đơn đầu ra
cách xử lý hóa đơn trên 20 triệu nhưng không chuyển khoản đúng quy định
cách xử lý hóa đơn đã xuất khi hủy hợp đồng
xuất hóa đơn sai mức thuế suất có bị phạt
có được xuất hóa đơn không thuộc ngành nghề đăng ký kinh doanh
Thủ tục cần làm khi tiêu hủy hàng hóa bị hư hỏng
kinh doanh dạy thêm phải chịu thuế suất như thế nào
mức phạt bán hàng hóa mà không xuất hóa đơn
Quy định sử dụng hóa đơn giá trị gia tăng (VAT) đối với hộ kinh doanh
Tặng cho xe ô tô có được miễn thuế
Có thể bị cấm xuất cảnh đối với cá nhân, chủ doanh nghiệp nợ thuế
câu hỏi liên quan đến hoàn thuế thu nhập cá nhân khi có thu nhập 118 triệu
Cá nhân có phải khai thuế khi cho thuê tài sản trực tiếp
cách ghi thông tin trên hóa đơn theo đúng luật, hợp pháp
Mức thuế suất gtgt đối với mặt hàng gạo bán ra là bao nhiêu
Trình tự thủ tục bù trừ số tiền thuế, tiền chậm nộp, tiền phạt nộp
Chi phí mua nguyên liệu nông sản không có hóa đơn có được tính là chi phí hợp lý
cách xử lý hóa đơn điện tử không có mã của cơ quan thuế
Our aim on every job is to give every single client 100% customer satisfaction and leave your carpets and soft furnishings hygienically clean. We love cleaning carpets and upholstery and would love the opportunity to clean yours.
Get in touch with us today for a free competitive quote. https://www.carpetbright.uk.com/carpet-cleaning/london/
Polytechnic College in Lucknow
Diploma in College in Lucknow
Polytechnic College in Lucknow
Diploma in College in Lucknow
Customization Options: How flexible is WordPress in terms of design customization and functionality enhancement? What tools and resources are available for customizing WordPress themes and plugins?
Security Measures: What security features does WordPress offer to protect websites from potential threats and vulnerabilities? How can users ensure the security of their WordPress sites?
SEO Integration: How does WordPress facilitate search engine optimization (SEO) efforts? What plugins and techniques can be used to improve website visibility and rankings on search engines?
Performance Optimization: What steps can WordPress users take to optimize the performance of their websites in terms of speed, responsiveness, and overall user experience?
E-commerce Solutions: How does WordPress cater to e-commerce businesses? What plugins and integrations are available for creating and managing online stores with WordPress?
Community Support: What role does the WordPress community play in supporting users and developers? How can users leverage community forums, documentation, and resources to troubleshoot issues and enhance their WordPress experience?
Gutenberg Editor: What is the Gutenberg editor, and how does it revolutionize content creation in WordPress? What are some key features and benefits of using Gutenberg for building dynamic and visually appealing web pages?
WordPress Hosting Options: What are the different types of WordPress hosting available, and how do they compare in terms of performance, scalability, and reliability?
WordPress Maintenance: What best practices should WordPress users follow for website maintenance, including updates, backups, and security audits? How can managed WordPress hosting services simplify maintenance tasks for users?
web development company in USA
Thuế suất thuế GTGT áp dụng với hàng hóa xuất khẩu
Có chịu thuế gtgt đối với sản phẩm trồng trọt (chè)
Có chịu thuế nhập khẩu khi nhập khẩu máy móc, thiết bị tạo tscđ
Có phải chịu thuế tndn đối với tscđ chưa sử dụng hay không
Cách xử lý hàng hết hạn do thay đổi quá trình sinh hóa tính vào chi phí được trừ
Trường hợp nào địa điểm kinh doanh được miễn lệ phí môn bài
Lương giám đốc có phải là chi phí được trừ khi tính thuế tndn
Cá nhân có phải đóng thuế TNCN khi cho thuê nhà có doanh thu hơn 100 triệu vào hai năm
Thời hạn để nộp phí môn bài theo quy định
Hàng xuất khẩu vượt định mức miễn thuế khai hải quan thì khai theo hình thức điện tử hay giấy
Đối tượng có trách nhiệm đóng phí bảo trì chung cư là ai
hạn chót để quyết toán thuế tndn 2024
Khoản chi mua bảo hiểm sức khỏe cho người thân của người lao động có được khấu trừ thuế
đăng ký mã số thuế và kê khai thuế đối với quỹ xã hội có đúng k
Có tính thêm thuế gtgt đối với chi phí xây dựng trong dự toán
Có được xóa nợ thuế đối với người nộp thuế có tài sản mà đã chết
Mức thuế suất thuế tndn áp dụng cho hợp đồng dầu khí
Chủ công ty làm đại lý thuế có cần phải có chứng chỉ hành nghề dịch vụ
Có phải nộp thuế khi hợp tác với hộ kinh doanh theo phương pháp kê khai
Có tính thuế tiêu thụ đặt biệt đối với xe ô tô sử dụng để làm xe tang lễ