Methods of Teaching and Techniques

 Methods of Teaching and Techniques:

Ghazali has recommended the following teaching methods and techniques, which are based on psychological principles. These methods and techniques are widely used and educators all over the world agrees with their usefulness.

1. Teaching of lessons to be based on previous knowledge and experience of the students.

:This helps to know the ability, knowledge and aptitude of the learner and helps to motivate students towards the lesson which is very important for the educational process. Johnn Herbart and Pestollozi recommended the same principle about 700 year after Ghazali

2. Simplifying the lesson:

:Teachers should simplify the difficult concepts by stories, tales etc other wise his teaching will not be effective

3. Move from simple to complex.

:This is a very important principle. Some teachers try to teach everything in the very start. This is very dangerous and can create very dull students.

:Ghazali stresses that teachers should first teach simpler concepts and when the students are motivated towards lesson, then he can introduce complex concepts.

:Western educators have also mentioned this principle.

4. Proper planning

:Ghazali stresses the importance of planning and advises that teachers should do his preparation before teaching to make it effective

5. affection:

The teachers should avoid the use of force. He should be like a father to his students and should use love and affection instead of corporal punishment. Use of force can lead to bad habits among students

Teacher and students should also have good social relationship

6. avoid double standards:

Teacher is like a guide to students. He should not be a hypocrite and should breed good qualities like, honesty, good etiquette, good moral character etc

7. abilities of students:

Ghazali stresses that while teaching the abilities of students should be kept in mind. Concepts, which are above the mental level of the students will not make the teaching effective.

8. Female education:

Ghazali 's ideas about female education are different from modern day. He is only in favor of elementary education for women so that they could play their due role in society. He is not in favour of higher education for females. Rousseau has similar ideas.

Ghazali also stresses acquisition of home-related knowledge for women.

9. Physical education:

Ghazali has greatly stressed the physical education for children. He believes in old Greek axiom" sound mind in sound body"

He suggests proper clothing for children so that they could develop and grow properly. He suggests avoid tight and fit clothing.

He also stresses the importance of good and simple, diet for good physical growth.

In short we can say that the contribution of Ghazali to education, what he said later reflected by western educators. That was actually originated in the times of Ghazali.