Education

SCIENTIFIC METHOD (Presentation outlines) Keyword: characteristics of scientific research; developing the research plan; research design; data analysis; research strategy; research process; steps of research ; The scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning. The Oxford English Dictionary defines the scientific method as: "a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses Science provides a carefully developed system for answering questions so that the answers we get are as accurate, objective and complete as possible. Although scientific research metho

School Administration and Management Keywords;   Types of administration; principles of school administration; Supervision; Education planning; Planning and Policy Implementation Meaning Administration Administration is derived from Latin word ministiare which mean to serve, so administration mean to serve. In broad view it mean to support the people in an organisation to help them to achieve there goals. In other words it is the art of managing organisation resources and provides support to those who needed to achieve the aims and objective of organisation. Today we have different types of administration in different filed. All differ from filed to field. Every organisation have their own way of administration to reach their goals by supporting there professional staff and to communicate the line agencies. Types of administration Democratic administration Authoritative administration Laissez-faire administration Democratic administration

Curriculum of Teacher Education                         KEYWORDS : Program Objectives; Curriculum Design; Program Outcomes; Rational of Programme; Program Mission Statement; Curriculum of Pakistan B.Ed. level                         M.Ed.                         M.Phil.                         Ph.D. Curriculum of a subject is said to be the burning pulse of a nation. By looking at the curriculum one can judge the state of intellectual development and the state of progress of the nation. The world hasturned into a global village; new ideas and information are pouring in like a stream. It is, therefore, imperative to update our curricula regularly by introducing the recent developments in the relevant fields of knowledge. In fact, any change in the nature, purpose, quality and character of the school demands a concomitant change in teacher education, especially in its curriculum. Keeping in view the task of bringing qualitative change in institutional efficien